BACKGROUND Development of an effective non-viral vaccine against hepatitis C virus infection is of a great importance. Gelatin nanoparticles (Gel.NPs) have an attention and promising approach as a viable carrier for delivery of vaccine, gene, drug and other biomolecules in the body. AIM OF WORK The present study aimed to develop stable Gel.NPs conjugated with nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) gen...

The avian coronavirus Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), like other coronaviruses, expresses several small nonstructural (ns) proteins in addition to those from gene 1 (replicase) and the structural proteins. These coronavirus ns genes differ both in number and in amino acid similarity between the coronavirus groups but show some concordance within a group or subgroup. The functions and require...

Grasses with the C3 photosynthetic pathway are commonly considered to be more nutritious host plants than C4 grasses, but the nutritional quality of C3 grasses is also more greatly impacted by elevated atmospheric CO2 than is that of C4 grasses; C3 grasses produce greater amounts of nonstructural carbohydrates and have greater declines in their nitrogen content than do C4 grasses under elevated...

This paper explores a dual inhibition of main protease (Mpro) and nonstructural protein 10/nonstructural 16 (NSP16) methyltransferase complex as the key targets for COVID-19 therapy. These are based on new Schiff-base ligand that was obtained from condensation (4-chloro-3-methyl phenyl) hydrazine with 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde its novel metal complexes. include Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), H...

Analyses of bunyavirus-infected cell extracts identified at least two virus-induced nonstructural polypeptides. With snowshoe hare (SSH), La Crosse (LAC), and six SSH-LAC reassortant viruses, it was shown that one of these nonstructural polypeptides (NSs, approximate molecular weight, 7.4 X 10(3)) is coded by the SSH small (S)-size viral RNA species. This nonstructural polypeptide was not detec...

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus antigenic subtypes and varieties are considered either epidemic/epizootic or enzootic. In addition to epidemiological differences between the epidemic and enzootic viruses, several in vitro and in vivo laboratory markers distinguishing the viruses have been identified, including differential plaque size, sensitivity to interferon (IFN), and virulence f...

Four rumen fistulated Holstein calves (BW 132.3 ± 1.61 kg) fed high concentrate diets (10 to 90, forage to concentrate ratio) were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of nonstructural carbohydrate (barley or corn) and protein (soybean meal or sunflower meal) sources on ruminal fermentation and animal performance. The following 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatm...