Traditionally, Kuand C-band radars are used in ocean scatterometry to retrieve an ocean wind vector. Examples are QuikSCAT and ASCAT satellites. Recently, attempts have been made to use X-band SAR aboard the German TerraSAR-X satellite for the same purpose [1]. Usually, wind retrieval is performed using empirical Geophysical Model Functions (GMF). In the past, a set of GMFs have been designed b...

[1] For the first time it is demonstrated that with the QuikSCAT scatterometer it is possible to detect natural surface films resulting from enhanced biological activity in the ocean. It is shown for two regions in the Norwegian and Baltic Sea that areas of strongly reduced Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) are associated with areas of enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration as evidenced by qu...

Inherent in all empirical estimates of the geophysical model function (which relates the wind t o the normalized radar cross section, NRCS, of the ocean surface) is uncertainty caused by parameters not included in the empirical model. This can be thought of as variability in the NRCS for given wind conditions. W h e n the estimated variability is included in the max imum likelihood wind retriev...

Satellite remote sensing time-series images are used to illustrate the spatial and temporal variability in Antarctic-wide seaice surface melting during the austral summer. Combinations of collocated data from the Active Microwave Instrument on board the ERS-1/2 spacecraft, RadarSat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and SSM/I passive microwave radiometer are used in characterization of the effects ...

In general, airborne photogrammetry and LiDAR measurements are applied to geometrical data acquisition for automated map generation and revision. However, attribute data acquisition and classification depend on manual editing works including ground surveys. On the other hand, SAR data have a possibility to automate the attribute data acquisition and classification. Thus, we focus on an integrat...

Due t o the on-board signal processing used by NSCAT, the Gaussian distribution model f o r the power measuremeiits used in the wind retrieval algorithm i s only a n approximation t o the actual distribution. Working from first principles and the design of the N S C A T signal processor we derive the distribution of the NSCAT measurements as a function of the normalized radar cross section, NRC...

-.' I I I 1 I I1 AbstractSpaceborne scatterometry, although originally used to measure winds over oceans, has been useful in the study of vegetation over different regions of the world. For example, scatteromleter measurements of the normalized radar cross section, go have been used for tropical vegetation classification and in studies of the freeze/thaw cycles of Boreal forests. From September...

This paper is aimed at analyzing the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from the twodimensional (2-D) Gaussian rough surfaces characterized by textures. Visual appearances of the stripe texture can be generated through the angle rotating in Fourier transform when the ratio of the correlation lengths in two directions is large enough. The scattering field is derived in Cartesian coordinate system t...

Multiscale composite models based on the Bragg theOly are widely used to study the U1LlI<,,'l~"~' radar cross-section (NRCS) over the sea sllrface. However, these models are able to correctly reproduce the NRCS in ail configurations and wind wave conditions. have developed a physical model that takes into account, not only the Bragg nisl11, but also the non-Bragg scattering l11echanisl11 associ...

Since many years Doppler radar profilers are known as valuable tools to retrieve profiles of rain rate and further rain parameters (e.g. Wakasugi et al. (1986)). Applying well established relations for terminal fall velocity, shape and backscatter cross section of rain drops allows to derive rain rate without empirical assumptions. For calculating the backscatter cross section, the flattening o...