[1] Recent studies comparing shipboard data between the 1950’s and the 1990’s have shown significant, heterogeneous adjustments of the temperature-salinity structure of the N. Atlantic Ocean. Here, we present proxy records of temperature and salinity from aragonite sclerosponge skeletons, extending existing records of the Salinity Maximum Waters (SMW) of the N. Atlantic back to 1890. These prox...

Abstract Variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has contributed to recent multidecadal trends observed European climate, especially winter precipitation over Northern Europe. However, current generation of coupled climate models struggle reproduce NAO's contribution trends, which important implications for deriving constraints based on comparison and modeled trends. An observationa...

Changes of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability in response to different climate forcings, and their possible causes, are decomposed and investigated using a set of atmosphere-only timeslice experiments forced by sea surface temperature (SST) from coupled runs. The results indicate that the effects of uniform SST warming and direct CO2 radiative forcing could enhance NAO vari...

Abstract Winter (December to March) precipitation is vital the agriculture and water security of Western Himalaya. This largely brought region by extratropical systems, known as western disturbances (WDs), which are embedded in subtropical jet. In this study, using seventy years data, it shown that during positive phases North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) jet significantly more intense than nega...

The tree-ring-based North American Drought Atlas (NADA), Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA), and Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) collectively yield a near-hemispheric gridded reconstruction of hydroclimate variability over the last millennium. To test the robustness of the large-scale representation of hydroclimate variability across the drought atlases, the joint expression of seasonal climate v...

The canopy-forming, intertidal brown (Phaeophyceae) seaweed Fucus guiryi is distributed along the cold-temperate and warm-temperate coasts of Europe and North Africa. Curiously, an isolated population develops at Punta Calaburras (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) but thalli are not present in midsummer every year, unlike the closest (ca. 80 km), perennial populations at the Strait of Gibralt...

Recent climate reconstructions are analyzed specifically for insights into those patterns of climate variability in past centuries with greatest impact on the North American region. Regional variability, largely associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and multidecadal patterns of natural variability, are found to mask the emergen...

The generation of interannual and near-decadal variability in the formation of mode waters in the western North Atlantic is investigated in the realistic framework of an isopycnic coordinate ocean model forced with atmospheric data from 1946 to 1988. At Bermuda, the model reproduces quite well the observed potential vorticity and isopycnal depth anomalies associated with the subtropical mode wa...

The simulated North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns and their interannual variability are evaluated from a suite of atmospheric models participating in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). In general the models simulate the observed spatial pattern well, although there are important differences among models. The NAO response to interannu...