Various tools are available in market to measure packet loss in the end-to-end networks. But all the existing tools are not able to calculate packet loss in the network accurately. So measuring packet loss efficiently is still an open problem in the networks due to relatively occurrence and short duration of packet loss. The aim of our research is to understand how to efficiently calculate pack...

The exponential growth in demand for multimedia applications in wireless network has resulted in dramatic increased in different devices and connections accessing information. Indeed, this is primarily due to the fact that wireless and multimedia applications have been used quite extensively in business, commercial and communication industry. Supporting multimedia application in wireless enviro...

In this paper we focus on alleviating malicious traffic from DDoS attacks since many famous websites have been attacked by them and massive losses have been reported in recent years. We propose a Priority Queue-Based scheme to analyze the interval of the arrival times of incoming packets in order to distinguish malicious traffic from normal traffic and to take care of malicious attacks clogging...

Distributed denial of service attacks are a major threat for wireless sensor network. The aim of these attacks is that genuine users can not use network such as bandwidth, computing power and operating system data structures. Jamming and flooding attacks are one of the most popular attacks on WSN which cause DDoS. There is a requirement for the detection of these attacks rapidly and perfectly. ...

Mobile adhoc networks, abbreviated as MANETs are more vulnerable to various attacks than other types of networks. This is because of natural properties of MANETs such as dynamic topology, ever changing infrastructure and lack of central controller. Hence detecting anomaly behaviours in MANETs is a challenging task and this topic has attracted many researchers. In this paper, clustering method b...

Whenever streaming of multimedia based data such as video, audio and text is performed traffic will be more and network becomes congested in mobile ad hoc networks. The present routing protocols are not able to cope up with this situation. It is observed that network congestion is the dominant reason for packet loss, longer delay and delay jitter in streaming video. Most of the present routing ...

The nonstructural NS2 proteins of autonomous parvoviruses are known to act in a host cell-dependent manner and to play a role in viral DNA replication, efficient translation of viral mRNA, and/or encapsidation. Their exact function during the parvovirus life cycle remains, however, still obscure. We report here the characterization of the interaction with the NS2 proteins from the parvovirus mi...

BACKGROUND Development of an effective non-viral vaccine against hepatitis C virus infection is of a great importance. Gelatin nanoparticles (Gel.NPs) have an attention and promising approach as a viable carrier for delivery of vaccine, gene, drug and other biomolecules in the body. AIM OF WORK The present study aimed to develop stable Gel.NPs conjugated with nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) gen...

The S2 gene of bluetongue virus, serotype 17, has been cloned, and the nonstructural protein NS2 has been expressed. Synthetic peptides matching regions within the amino acid sequence of NS2 were used to map three single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)-binding regions within the protein. A prokaryotic expression system was then used to generate a series of deletion mutants with the ssRNA-binding domains o...

The heterogeneous interface for the mobile node is the key feature for the next generation mobile world. It provides the flexibility for the mobile devices for moving devices to the next available best network for high data rate connection. So it is firstly important to develop in ns2 for the research and educational purposes. It is very important to develop it in ns2 so that we can do experime...