WAC 173-205-010 Purpose. 173-205-020 Definitions. 173-205-030 Applicability. 173-205-040 Determining the need for effluent characterization. 173-205-050 Effluent testing for toxicity. 173-205-060 Additional effluent characterizations. 173-205-070 Monitoring for compliance with whole effluent toxicity limits. 173-205-080 Samples for whole effluent toxicity testing. 173-205-090 Response to noncom...

In order to improve the degradation efficiency of pulping and papermaking wastewater, the combination oxidation process of Fenton with ultrasonic irradiation was carried out. The processes of ultrasonic irradiation alone and Fenton oxidation alone on pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment were optimized respectively. Basing on the optimum process of Fenton oxidation, the synergistic effec...

To reduce the refining energy consumption of chemi-mechanical pulping, treatment with NaOH-thiourea-urea aqueous solution was studied in this work. By means of single-factor experiments, the effects of alkali dosage, soaking time, and freezing time were evaluated. It was found that the optimal conditions were an alkali dosage of 8%, soaking time of 45 min, and freezing time of 105 min. The resu...

The effect of alkaline pulping parameters (temperature, effective alkali (EA) and sulphidity) on the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus pulps was studied. The HexA content was calculated on a pentosan basis. Unlike softwood pulping, the amount of this acid increased during kraft cooking and only started to decrease in the final stage of delignification (kappa numb...

Waste from pulp and paper mills consist of sugar-rich fractions comprising hemicellulose derivatives and cellulose by-products. A complete characterisation of the waste streams is necessary to study the possibilities of an existing mill. In this work, four chromatographic methods have been developed to obtain the most suitable chromatographic method conditions for measuring woody feedstocks, li...

The chemical composition of lipids from bast fibers of flax (Linum usitatissimum), which are commonly used for high-quality paper pulp production, was thoroughly studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were waxes, series of long chain n-fatty alcohols, n-aldehydes, n-fatty acids, and n-alkanes. Free and esterified sterols and triterpenols, steroid hydrocar...