The polyketide natural product Leptomycin B inhibits nuclear export mediated by the karyopherin protein chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1). Here, we present 1.8- to 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structures of CRM1 bound to Leptomycin B and related inhibitors Anguinomycin A and Ratjadone A. Structural and complementary chemical analyses reveal an unexpected mechanism of inhibition involving cova...

We discuss nuclear matter and the transition to quark matter in the decompactified limit of the Sakai-Sugimoto model. Nuclear matter is included through instantons on the flavor branes of the model. Our approximation is based on the flat-space solution, but we allow for a dynamical instanton width and deformation and compute the energetically preferred number of instanton layers in the bulk as ...

Current analytical techniques for characterizing solid-state pharmaceuticals include powder x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Powder x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry are mainstream techniques but they lack spatial resolution. Scann...

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon based upon the quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atoms nucleus. Thereby NMR spectroscopy is a technique to obtain physical, chemical and structural information about molecules. Recent research is focused on the analysis of small molecules, e.g. metabolites by NMR or in a combination of NMR and electro spray ionization mass spe...

A specific temperature-dependent conformational transition of hen egg-white lysozyme, occurring between 20 degree C and 30 degree C in solution, has been detected by 13-C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Selective changes in the chemical shifts of aromatic residues, together with differences in the chemical shifts, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement in the carbonyl, carboxyl, and alpha-...

Using phenomenological equations of state, we study the chemical and mechanical instabilities in hot isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter. Both instabilities are found to depend strongly on the isospin asymmetry of the nuclear matter. For a chemically and mechanically stable asymmetric nuclear matter, a lower neutron excess is found in the liquid phase than in the gas phase. Furthermore, the neutr...