Background: Successful in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is an important step for production of livestock through assisted reproductive techniques including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Obtaining an optimal duration for maturation of oocyte is essential, since over exposure to maturation medium results in oocyte aging, while under exposure leads to production of immature incompetent...

In eukaryotes, DNA is exchanged between endosymbiosis-derived compartments (mitochondria and chloroplasts) and the nucleus. Organelle-to-nucleus DNA transfer involves repair of double-stranded breaks by nonhomologous end-joining, and resulted during early organelle evolution in massive relocation of organelle genes to the nucleus. A large fraction of the products of the nuclear genes so acquire...

The transfer of microscopically visible material from the nucleus into the cytoplasm has been described from time to time for many years (1). Application of electron microscopic techniques to the study of nucleocytoplasmic interactions has made it clear that several methods may exist by which materials or substances are transported between the nucleus and cytoplasm (2). The pores or annuli of t...

Motivated by Tycko’s proposal to harness optically pumped nuclear spin polarization for the enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance ~NMR! signals from biological macromolecules, we investigate the transfer of thermal nuclear spin polarization between H or F in an organic overlayer and P at the surface of micron-sized InP particles by Hartmann–Hahn cross polarization. Comparison with analytic ...

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the world today.  ING1b/p33 is a newly-discovered tumor suppressor which enhances p53 activity. Transfer of p33 protein from nucleus to cytoplasmic compartment has been previously reported in leukemias. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between p33ing1b cytoplasmic transfer and lymph node ...

During evolution, the genomes of eukaryotic cells have undergone major restructuring to meet the new regulatory challenges associated with compartmentalization of the genetic material in the nucleus and the organelles acquired by endosymbiosis (mitochondria and plastids). Restructuring involved the loss of dispensable or redundant genes and the massive translocation of genes from the ancestral ...

Ovine primary fetal fibroblasts were cotransfected with a neomycin resistance marker gene (neo) and a human coagulation factor IX genomic construct designed for expression of the encoded protein in sheep milk. Two cloned transfectants and a population of neomycin (G418)-resistant cells were used as donors for nuclear transfer to enucleated oocytes. Six transgenic lambs were liveborn: Three prod...