Repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by meiotic recombination relies on the generation of flanking 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs and their interaction with a homologous double-stranded DNA template. In various common model organisms, the ubiquitous strand exchange protein Rad51 and its meiosis-specific homologue Dmc1 have been implicated in the joint promotion of DNA-strand e...

The self-consistent field method utilized for solving the Hartree-Fock (HF) problem and the closely related Kohn-Sham problem is typically thought of as one of the cheapest methods available to quantum chemists. This intuition has been developed from the numerous applications of the self-consistent field method to a large variety of molecular systems. However, as characterized by its worst-case...

In the past decade much interest has been focused on the factors in human serum which in many ways resemble antibodies against components of cell nuclei. The lupus erythematosus (LE) cell, discovered by Hargraves, Richmond and Morton in 1948 (1), is now known to result from the interaction of leukocyte nuclei and a factor(s) most frequently found in the serum of patients with lupus erythematosu...

The nucleic acids of tubercle bacilli have formed the subject of several studies, among which may be mentioned those by Ruppel (l), Levene (2), and Johnson and his associates (3-5). The work of Mensel and Heidelberger (6) on the fractionation of the proteins of the tubercle bacillus revealed the presence of several protein fractions, rich in phosphorus and in purines, which appeared to be nucle...

Three subnuclear systems capable of continuing many aspects of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication were characterized in an effort to define the minimum requirements for "normal" DNA replication in vitro. Nuclear extracts, prepared by incubating nuclei isolated from SV40-infected CV-1 cells in a hypotonic buffer to release both SV40 replicating and mature chromosomes, were either centrifuged...

The problem of determining the minimum cost hypothetical ancestral sequences for a given cladogram is known to be NP-complete (Wang and Jiang, 1994). Traditionally, point estimations of hypothetical ancestral sequences have been used to gain heuristic, upper bounds on cladogram cost. These include procedures with such diverse approaches as non-additive optimization of multiple sequence alignmen...

With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, detailed knowledge of interactions between engineered nanomaterials and cells, tissues and organisms has become increasingly important, especially in regard to possible hazards to human health. This review intends to give an overview of current research on nano-bio interactions, with a focus on the effects of NP size on their interac...