BACKGROUND Short-term experimental studies suggest that dietary variety may influence body fatness but no long-term human studies have been reported. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary variety within food groups influences energy intake and body fatness. DESIGN Seventy-one healthy men and women (aged 20-80 y), who provided accurate reports of dietary intake...

BACKGROUND The repeatability of a risk factor measurement affects the ability to accurately ascertain its association with a specific outcome. Choline is involved in methylation of homocysteine, a putative risk factor for cardiovascular disease, to methionine through a betaine-dependent pathway (one-carbon metabolism). It is unknown whether dietary intake of choline meets the recommended Adequa...

OBJECTIVE To assess the relative validity of the second version of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), designed to measure the habitual food and nutrient intake in one season in rural populations in Western Mali, West Africa. DESIGN The dietary intake during the previous week was assessed with the 164-item QFFQ administered by interview. This was compared with the intake from ...

Background: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is increasing globally. It is associated with a significant risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationship of nutrients patterns and other lifestyle-related factors with the presence of hypercholesterolemia in a representative population of Iran. Methods: Die...

The weak point in all current methods or models of diet formulation is the prediction of intake. The major uncertainty is not in the cases in which physical constraints apply, but in those in which voluntary intake is limited by feedback from metabolic factors. Voluntary intake is, ultimately, a psychological phenomenon, involving the integration of many signals, and reflects the flexibility of...

First, it is important to understand why it is so critical to provide adequate intake of calories and other nutrients for ill or injured patients. A healthy animal that does not get enough calories will lose primarily fat.1 In contrast, a sick or injured animal will lose lean body mass when it is not given adequate nutrients. This loss of lean body mass impairs the animal’s strength, immune fun...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Random errors, from any source, will attenuate epidemiological risk estimates. Before we launched the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS), a large population-based cohort study investigating the diet-cancer association among Chinese men, a dietary calibration study was conducted among 96 men aged 40-75 years (mean age 56.5 years), with biweekly 24-hour dietary recalls (2...

BACKGROUND Deficiency of calories and certain micronutrients is known to cause growth faltering in children and adolescents. It is recognized that varieties of foods need to be consumed in order to meet requirements for essential nutrients. Lack of diversity in the diets is a serious problem among poor populations in the developing world. The extent of variations in intake of nutrients occurrin...

Only children had significantly higher intakes of many nutrients and nutrients/1000 kcal than other children. A higher proportion of only children was found to be obese. There were no significant differences according to birthrank in intakes by children. There were more obese children among the fatherless than those with fathers, in particular among those whose mothers were widowed. However, th...

OBJECTIVE To describe how a risk analysis can be applied to food fortification, with emphasis on voluntary fortification and intake levels that might exceed usual dietary levels. DESIGN Use of the risk analysis model as a frame to classify nutrients according to the risk of exceeding upper safe intake levels. Furthermore, to apply the model when discussing possible consequences of liberal for...