fungi include a large group of organisms that are found in different ecological conditions and are important components in forest ecosystems. the northern forests of iran are mountainous mixed forests, and have high biological diversity. the aim of this research was asses influence of physiographic factors on abundance and diversity of wood macrofungi. after of primary field inspection fungi sa...

Two challenges confronting forest landscape models (FLMs) are how to simulate fine, standscale processes while making large-scale (i.e., .10 ha) simulation possible, and how to take advantage of extensive forest inventory data such as U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to initialize and constrain model parameters. We present the LANDIS PRO model that addresses these needs. LANDIS PRO...

We examined tree species responses under forest harvesting and an increased fire disturbance scenario due to climate warming in northern Wisconsin where northern hardwood and boreal forests are currently predominant. Individual species response at the ecosystem scale was simulated with a gap model, which integrates soil, climate and species data, stratified by ecoregions. Such responses were qu...

-To compare methods for bottomland hardwood reforestation on marginal farmlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, four afforestation treatments (natural colonization, sown oak acorns, planted oak seedlings, cottonwood–oak interplant) were established in 1995 on former soybean cropland. Natural, sown, and planted-oak plots were not managed after establishment. Interplant plots received intensi...

Field observations indicate that the distribution of certain forest tree species is modified by periodic flooding of the soil. There appear to be distinct differences between species with respect to the amount of flooding which they will tolerate. Overcup oak, for example, often occurs on areas which are flooded for considerable periods of time during the year, but northern red oak usually occu...

that 286,000 ha in Arkansas were affected by the oak decline. In 2002 and 2003, Guldin et al. (2006) established 181 field plots in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma and estimated that 33% of red oak density (trees/ha) and 30% of red oak basal area in the region were dead or dying. Kabrick et al. (2004) studied nine forested sites in southern Missouri ranging in size from 312 to 514 ha. They rep...

We assessed the impacts of hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore) and subsoil liming (CaO amendments) on root and shoot growth of greenhouse-grown, first-year, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Red oak seedlings and ferns were grown in reconstructed soil profiles of four common Pennsylvanian forest soils. When grown in the presence of hay-scented ferns, with or...

Although we understand the genetics of the laboratory model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae very well, we know little about the natural ecology and environment that shaped its genome. Most isolates of Saccharomyces paradoxus, the wild relative of S. cerevisiae, come from oak trees, but it is not known whether this is because oak is their primary habitat. We surveyed leaf litter in a forest in No...

In the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, an oak decline event, coupled with epidemic populations of red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus Haldeman), has resulted in extensive red oak (Quercus spp., section Lobatae) mortality. Twenty-four northern red oak trees, Quercus rubra L., infested with red oak borer, were felled in the Ozark National Forest between March 2002 and J...