A strong decline is apparent in annual District Average Rainfall (DAR) for District 71, located in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales (Fig. 1). There has been some concern that this decline of about 200 mm, i.e. about 20 per cent, since 1913 could be the result of human interference with the environment, and that a continuing decline in rainfall could threaten ecosystems and irrigation. The...

In this letter, we study the improvement that road-side stations can bring to the multihop connectivity of intervehicle communication in a traffic stream. With a recursive model of connectivity, we study impacts of different densities of road-side stations and different positions of road-side stations for uniform or non-uniform traffic streams.

Since October 1, 1950, hydrologic-station records in USGS reports have been listed in order of downstream direction along the main stream. All stations on a tributary entering upstream from a mainstream station are listed before that station. A station on a tributary entering between two mainstream stations is listed between those stations. A similar order is followed in listing stations on fir...

BACKGROUND Patient safety (PS) receives limited attention in health professional curricula. We developed and pilot tested four Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) stations intended to reflect socio-cultural dimensions in the Canadian Patient Safety Institute's Safety Competency Framework. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 18 third year undergraduate medical and nursing students at a Canad...

Feeding stations are commonly used to sustain conservation programs of scavengers but their impact on behaviour is still debated. They increase the temporal and spatial predictability of food resources while scavengers have supposedly evolved to search for unpredictable resources. In the Grands Causses (France), a reintroduced population of Griffon vultures Gyps fulvus can find carcasses at thr...

The importance of air pollution monitoring networks in urban areas is well known because of their miscellaneous applications. At the beginning of the 1990s, Berlin had more than 40 particulate matter monitoring stations, whereas, by 2013, there were only 12 stations. In this study, a new and free–of–charge methodology for the densifying of the PM10 monitoring network ...

In this paper we consider a Jackson network of independent service stations. To improve upon the total expected waiting time, the stations may redistribute the total arrival rate of customers over all queues. We investigate this situation by means of arrival rate games. These are cooperative TU cost games in which the stations are the players and the total cost of a coalition is linear in the t...

When considering cost-optimal operation of gas transport networks, compressor stations play the most important role. Proper modeling of these stations leads to complicated mixed-integer nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems. In this article, we give an isothermal and stationary description of compressor stations, state MINLP and GDP models for operating a single station, and discuss sev...

The orthogonal field components from global INTERMAGNET magnetometer stations are studied via multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis to determine whether there are clear and consistent regional patterns in the behavior of the fluctuations. There are three distinct scaling regimes in the qth-order fluctuation function for each of the 24 stations studied covering Southwest North America, Nor...