Milgram's famous experiment contained 23 small-sample conditions that elicited striking variations in obedient responding. A synthesis of these diverse conditions could clarify the factors that influence obedience in the Milgram paradigm. We assembled data from the 21 conditions (N = 740) in which obedience involved progression to maximum voltage (overall rate 43.6%) and coded these conditions ...

Some of the objectives this research, among others, are to understand thoughts Ibn Sina and Mohammad Natsir about goals state, state leaders similarities as well differences in by using a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive methods through library research that The main object is literature which then compared. results show both chose system based on Qur'an hadith, so it not surpri...

BACKGROUND The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDING...

As a consequence of the flexibility mechanisms incorporated in the Kyoto Protocol, incentive-based policies such as emissions trading and the clean development mechanism are being widely discussed in the context of greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement. This paper examines various issues related to incentive-based approaches for India. Some of the specific questions it addresses are: does India stand ...

BACKGROUND Smoke-free legislation eliminating tobacco smoke in all indoor public places and workplaces is the international standard to protect all people from exposure to secondhand smoke. Uruguay was the first country in the Americas and the first middle-income country in the world to enact a comprehensive smoke-free national legislation in March 2006. OBJECTIVE To compare air nicotine conc...

Up until the 1970s, environmental protection largely consisted of a patchwork of state laws, local ordinances and common law nuisance protections. By the late 1960s, state and local governments had adopted various environmental measures. Nonetheless, there was a general perception that they were unable or unwilling to address most environmental concerns. Congress responded with an array of envi...

Infanticide has recently been observed in several primate species while female counterstrategies are seemingly rare. The question of why mothers do not increase their resistance to infanticide is investigated using a haploid two-locus model. A hypothesis that mothers can recover lost offspring by gaining more grandchildren is rejected in most cases, and it is shown that costs and benefits for b...