Research prior to 2001 indicated that athletes experienced better body image than non-athletes, with no differences among sport types. Since then, female athletes have become increasingly sexually objectified in the media, and the sociocultural beauty ideal has shifted to emphasize appearing both athletic and thin. Part I of this paper explores the literature describing these changes. Part II p...

This paper describes a Dutch translation and validation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a), an instrument for assessing key components of positive body image. Dutch-speaking female university students (N=310, Mage=21.31, SD=3.04) completed the Dutch BAS-2. To assess its construct validity, participants also completed measures of appearance satisfaction, funct...

A self-regulatory framework for distinguishing between shame and guilt was tested in three studies. Recently Janoff-Bulman, Sheikh, and Hepp (2009) proposed two forms of moral regulation based on approach versus avoidance motivation. Proscriptive regulation is sensitive to negative outcomes, inhibition-based, and focused on what we should not do. Prescriptive regulation is sensitive to positive...

China has been referred to as the shame-society by some social and behaviour scientists. The shame-related studies carried out in China are broadly reviewed. The subjects of the study are varied. Topics include shame and relevant factors; shame, stress and coping; shame, personality, and social anxiety; and shame and guilt. It has been indicated that cultural background plays an obvious and imp...

Objectification has been defined historically as a process of subjugation whereby people, like objects, are treated as means to an end. The authors hypothesized that objectification is a response to social power that involves approaching useful social targets regardless of the value of their other human qualities. Six studies found that under conditions of power, approach toward a social target...

The primary aim of this study was to examine the prospective association of shame with self-inflicted injury (SII), including suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury, among women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who were enrolled in a clinical trial (N = 77). A multi-method approach was used to assess self-reported shame, nonverbal shame behaviors, and assessor ratings of shame d...