In this work, two high order sliding mode observers under cascade form are proposed in order to estimate the important states and inputs affecting the lateral dynamics of twowheeled vehicles. The first observer is based on a vision system and is used to estimate the lateral velocity of the vehicle. This velocity is considered as an additional measure for the second observer which is designed to...

This article reviews the effects of the thermal environment on vigilance. A reinterpretation of early and contemporary studies contradicts the existing notion that vigilance is facilitated in ambient temperatures that exceed a comfortable level. Rather, performance is degraded as thermal homeostasis of the observer is disturbed. Significant breakdown in capability becomes manifest with measurab...

A dynamic model including non-idealities for a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is postulated and verified. The non-idealities acting on the physical linear motor are measured and analyzed. These experimental results are utilized in the model. The verified simulation model is used in developing a force disturbance compensator for the velocity controller of the motor. The force ...

PURPOSE To evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of measurement of images obtained during ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS Four anterior segment images of four normal patients were obtained by a single examiner. The measurements of three independent observers were compared to assess interobserver reproducibility in quantifying the images. Thirteen different anterior segmen...

Much research on color representation and categorization has assumed that relations among color terms can be proxies for relations among color percepts. We test this assumption by comparing the mapping of color words with color appearances among different observer groups performing cognitive tasks: (1) an invariance of naming task; and (2) triad similarity judgments of color term and color appe...

This paper develops a high dynamic and robust speed-torque control system for servo drives based on adaptive observer and self-tuning techniques with on-line inertia identification. Only the rotor position is measured even for a low precision shaft encoder. The instantaneous speed and the disturbance torque are accurately estimated by an extended Luenberger observer inertia adaptive. A current ...

Inter- and intra-observer variation was examined among six microscopists who read 50 scrub typhus (ST) and murine typhus (MT) indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) immunoglobulin M (IgM) slides. Inter-observer agreement was moderate (κ = 0.45) for MT and fair (κ = 0.32) for ST, and was significantly correlated with experience (P = 0.03 and P = 0.004, respectively); κ-scores for intra-observer...

Behavioral acts constitute the building blocks of interpersonal perception and the basis for inferences about personality traits. How reliably can observers code the acts individuals perform in a specific situation? How valid are retrospective self-reports of these acts? Participants interacted in a group-discussion task and then reported their act frequencies, which were later coded by observe...