Crops engineered to contain genes for tolerance to multiple herbicides may be treated with several herbicides to manage weeds resistant to each herbicide. Thus, nearby non-target plants may be subjected to increased exposure to several herbicides used in combination. Of particular concern are native plants, as well as adjacent crops which have not been genetically engineered for tolerance to he...

Competing evolutionary forces shape plant breeding systems (e.g. inbreeding depression, reproductive assurance). Which of these forces prevails in a given population or species is predicted to depend upon such factors as life history, ecological conditions, and geographical context. Here, we examined two such predictions: that self-compatibility should be associated with the annual life history...

OBJECTIVE To review the current management of women with breast pain. OPTIONS The effect of various treatment modes and health practices, including medications, was considered for the management of both cyclical and noncyclical breast pain. OUTCOMES Effective and timely management of the woman with breast pain and improved quality of life. EVIDENCE A literature search was performed to ide...

Studies in experimental grasslands have shown variation in plant individual performance in response to neighbourhood diversity. To which extent these responses are due to phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation is largely unknown. We collected seed families of five herbaceous species (Cirsium oleraceum, Crepis biennis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media and Rumex acetosa) in monocultures an...

OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence of, and factors associated with, the use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and other symptoms of menopause in Australian women aged 40-65 years. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of Australian women aged 40-65 years living independently in the community. Women able to com...

in this study, phenolic compounds of evening primrose leaves (oenothera biennis) were extracted with aceton 70%, ethanol 70% and methanol 70%. total phenolic content of aceton extract was significantly higher than the ethanolic and methanolic extracts. extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against lactobacillis plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae, using micro broth dilution m...

1. Although disrupted parturition and high foetal losses have previously been reported in pregnant rats maintained on zinc-deficient diets this is the first report to differentiate between the effects of reduced Zn intake and the effects of reduced food intake on the outcome of pregnancy in the rat. 2. Rats maintained on a 0.5 mg Zn/kg diet for the last 7 d of gestation or on a 5 mg Zn/kg diet ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin E, evening primrose oil (EPO), and the combination of vitamin E and EPO for pain control in women with cyclical mastalgia. PROCEDURE A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at two U.S. academic medical centers. Eighty-five women with premenstrual cyclical breast discomfort were enrolled. Participants were randomly a...

BACKGROUND Previous clinical trials with evening primrose oil in atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment have shown different results. In addition, the optimal dose and duration of treatment with evening primrose oil have not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the dose-response treatment effects of evening primrose oil on clinical symptoms of AD and serum concentr...

The effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation on various disease parameters in the spontaneously autoimmune MRL-mp-lpr/lpr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus before onset of disease were investigated. A fat deficient diet was supplemented with the following oils: olive oil, sunflower oil, evening primrose oil (EPO), fish oil, and a fish oil/EPO mixture. The mice receiving a diet en...