Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of developing a novel mini drug pump for ophthalmic use. Methods: Using principles of microelectromechanical systems engineering, a mini drug pump was fabricated. The pumping mechanism is based on electrolysis and the pump also includes a port for drug refill as well as a check valve to control delivery of the drug. Drug pumps were first tested on the bench-...

BACKGROUND The primary goal of this study was the fabrication, long-term stability, and measured release of a marker dye from a micro-patterned drug delivery device using (i) mechanical puncture and (ii) photodisruption with an ophthalmic Nd:YAG laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS A drug delivery device was made from a transparent bio-compatible polymer. The device consisted of two 2.6 mm diameter r...

This article review was aimed to see a significant comparison of the bioavailability in situ gel preparations compared conventional terms pharmacokinetic profile parameters such as AUC (Area Under Curve), Cmax, Tmax, t½, k (elimination rate constant) and MRT (Mean Residence Time). conducted by looking for available articles with different assessment based on original research published during 2...

The eye is a model organ for the local delivery of therapeutics. This proves beneficial when treating vitreous inflammation and other ophthalmic pathologies. The chronicity of certain diseases, however, limits the effectiveness of locally administered drugs. To maintain such treatments often requires frequent office visits and can result in increased risk of infection and toxicity to the patien...

The aim of this study is to formulate a novel ophthalmic nanosuspension (ONS), an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carriers for controlled release (CR) of acyclovir (ACV). In the present study, ONS is employed to avoid some of major disadvantages of colloidal carriers systems such as instability in cul de sac and short half life by increasing efficiency of drug encapsulation ...

Over the years, researchers have attempted to improve potency of medicament utilization for treatment a variety diseases. Drug targeting is phenomenon in which drug distributed body such way that it interacts with target tissue at cellular or sub-cellular level achieve desired therapeutic response site while avoiding unwanted interactions other sites. This can be accomplished using modern deliv...

Normal vision depends on the optimal function of ocular barriers and intact membranes that selectively regulate the environment of ocular tissues. Novel pharmacotherapeutic modalities have aimed to overcome such biological barriers which impede efficient ocular drug delivery. To determine the impact of ocular barriers on research related to ophthalmic drug delivery and targeting, herein we prov...

While the mammalian eye is seldom considered an organ of drug metabolism, the capacity for biotransformation is present. Compared to the liver, the metabolic capabilities of the eye are minuscule; however, phase I and phase II metabolic activities have been detected in various ocular structures. The careful consideration of ocular tissue metabolic processes within the eye has important implicat...

The chronic glaucoma with open angle is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most interesting and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage form is mainly due to the tear production, non-productive absorption, transient residence time, and impermeability of corneal epithelium....