Recent evidence suggests that preverbal infants' gaze following can be triggered only if an actor's head turn is preceded by the expression of communicative intent [1]. Such connectedness between ostensive and referential signals may be uniquely human, enabling infants to effectively respond to referential communication directed to them. In the light of increasing evidence of dogs' social commu...

Referential integrity, which guarantees that named resources can be accessed when referenced, is an important property for reliability and security. In distributed systems, however, the attempt to provide referential integrity can itself lead to security vulnerabilities that are not currently well understood. This paper identifies three kinds of referential security vulnerabilities related to t...

Referential thinking is the tendency to view innocuous stimuli as having a specific meaning for the self and is associated with personality traits and disorders. In three studies, this research examined the relations among referential thinking, self-processing, and paranoia. In study 1, follow-up questions on the Referential Thinking Scale (Lenzenweger, Bennett, & Lilenfeld, 1997) revealed that...

To prevent information leakage in multilevel secure data models, the concept of polyinstantiation was inevitably introduced. Unfortunately, when it comes to references through foreign key in multilevel relational data models, the polyinstantiation causes referential ambiguities. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes an extended referential integrity semantics for a multilevel relational ...

the present study intended to propose a causal model of factors that would predict oral communication apprehension (oca) of iranian learners of english as a foreign language. to conduct the study, 135 male and female university students majoring in english were selected. five variables including: learners’self-esteem and introversion/extroversion(as independent variables), their gender and prof...

Referential knowledge is vital for resolving various problems in NLP, such as anaphora resolution. For example, we have the referential knowledge that diagnose is most likely a member of the referential relation ‘doctor diagnose patient’s illness’. Nariyama et al. (2005) presented an inventory of such referents as doctor, collected from Japanese dictionary definition sentences. Such referential...

Self-referential processing is a core component of social cognition. However, few studies have focused on whether self-referential processing deficits present in bipolar disorder. The current study combined a high-time-resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique with the self-referential memory (SRM) task to evaluate self-referential processing in 23 bipolar patients and 27 healthy contr...

THERE IS A VAST AMOUNT OF POTENTIAL MAPPINGS BETWEEN BEHAVIORS AND INTENTIONS IN COMMUNICATION: a behavior can indicate a multitude of different intentions, and the same intention can be communicated with a variety of behaviors. Humans routinely solve these many-to-many referential problems when producing utterances for an Addressee. This ability might rely on social cognitive skills, for insta...