Contents 1. Introduction 2. Causative materials for contamination of surface water 3. Heavy metals 4. Pollution for the phthalate esters caused from human activities 5. Endocrine disrupting chemicals 6. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 6.1. Organic chlorinated chemicals 6.2. Organic phosphorylated chemicals 6.3. Other agricultural chemicals 6.4. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluor...

In this study, the adsorption mechanism and hydroxyl radical ((•)OH)-initiated photocatalytic degradation mechanism of styrene onto different (TiO2)n clusters were investigated using density functional theory. Styrene, a typical model atmospheric volatile organic compound (VOC), was found to be readily adsorbed onto (TiO2)n clusters through its vinyl group with strong chemisorption. This sugges...

A. Organic Analyses 218 1. General Organic Analyses 218 2. Pesticides 219 3. PAHs and PCBs 221 4. Dioxin 222 5. VOCs 223 6. Textile Dyes 223 7. Surfactants 223 8. Disinfection Byproducts 224 9. Taste and Odor Compounds 226 10. Algal and Bacterial Toxins 226 11. Other Organic Pollutants 227 B. Inorganic Analyses 229 1. Disinfection Byproducts 229 2. Perchlorate and Dissolved Gases 230 3. Multipl...

Composting (aerobic treatment of organic wastes) and digestion (anaerobic treatment of organicwastes combined with biogas production) are important waste management strategies with increasingsignificance in the European Union and Switzerland. Most of the compost produced is applied toagricultural soils, which hereby recycles nutrients and influences soil properties beneficially. How...

Due to the advance of organic and synthetic chemistry and many applications of man-made organic compounds, lots of xenobiotic chemicals are produced and benefit our life. However, some of them are persistent in the environment and their toxicities are accumulated through the food webs. Due to the potential hazard for human and the ecosystem, the regulations on the usage of these persistent orga...

BACKGROUND Air pollutants have not been associated with ambulatory electrocardiographic evidence of ST-segment depression ≥ 1 mm (probable cardiac ischemia). We previously found that markers of primary (combustion-related) organic aerosols and gases were positively associated with circulating biomarkers of inflammation and ambulatory blood pressure in the present cohort panel study of elderly s...

BACKGROUND In the past few decades, Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) has become a primary concern to the point. It is increasingly believed to be of equal or greater importance to human health compared to ambient air. However, due to the lack of comprehensive indices for the integrated assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ), we aimed to develop a novel, Fuzzy-Based Indoor Air Quality Index (FIAQI) to...

This research attempts to establish a method to measure 11 kinds of oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) in ambient air by using the canister collection-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Since several compounds such as acetone exhibited high blank concentrations due to their laboratory use, stringent quality control was conducted for the VOC-free added water and the VO...