In comparison with conventional photo-autotrophic cultivation, heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivations of microalgae offers a feasible strategy to produce biomass and valuable chemicals through biorefi nery processes. Supplementing microalgae cultures with organic carbon sources increase the biomass production and lipid/carbohydrate contents in cells. Consequently, this yields high productiv...

Organic aerosol (OA) constitutes a substantial fraction of fine particles and affects both human health and climate. It is becoming clear that OA absorbs light substantially (hence termed Brown Carbon, BrC), adding uncertainties to global aerosol radiative forcing estimations. The few current radiative-transfer and chemical-transport models that include BrC primarily consider sources from bioge...

Manure not only supplies many nutrients for crop production, but it is also a valuable source for increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil structure. To increase organic manure content as well as improve the wheat production adding plant residues and livestock to soil is necessary. The experiment was conducted in Shavoor Research Station to determine seed yield and soil physica...

The first luminescent Bi-Cd-organic framework, Bi2Cd(2,6-pdc)4(H2O)2·H2O (2,6-H2pdc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate), has been synthesized by using bismuth (Bi) oxides and cadmium (Cd) salts as metal sources under hydrothermal conditions. Tunable and white light luminescence was obtained through the doping of different Ln(3+) ions into the Bi-Cd-organic framework.

A new type of polycyclic organic superbases is reported with very high proton affinities in the gas phase and the pK(a) upto 45.8 units in acetonitrile. They have exhibited the 2nd pK(a) upto 44.4 units, which is the highest 2nd pK(a) reported till date. These organic superbases can be useful in the fixation of CO(2) released from different industrial sources.

Solvents and catalysts for organic reactions:  Friedel-Crafts reactions,  Alkylation,  Izomerisation,  Acylation,  Esterification,  Cracking,  Diels-Alder addition,  Wittig reactions,  Polymerisation. Solvents in separation processes:  Extraction of metals and organic compounds,  Nuclear wastewater treatment,  Production of selective liquid membranes and sensors. Others:...

Hydrogen stable isotopes (δ2H) have recently been used to complement δ13C and δ15N in food web studies due to their potentially greater power to separate sources of organic matter in aquatic food webs. However, uncertainties remain regarding the use of δ2H, since little is known about the potential variation in the amount of exchangeable hydrogen (Hex) among common sample materials or the patte...

Dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen levels are elevated in aquatic systems due to anthropogenic activities. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) arises from various sources, and its impact could be more clearly constrained if specific sources were identified and if the molecular-level composition of DON were better understood. In this work, the pharmaceutical carbamazepine was used to identify...

Peat moss is the most widely used source of organic matter for growing horticultural crops in the United States. The demand for peat as a substrate constituent for bedding and pot plants has remarkably increased in recent years, thus reducing the availability and increasing cost (Nappi and Barberis, 1993). Composts may serve as qualitatively and economically as competitive alternative sources o...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) from aboveground and belowground sources has rarely been differentiated although it may drive SOC turnover and stabilization due to a presumed differing source dependent degradability. It is thus crucial to better identify the location of SOC from different sources for the parameterization of SOC models, especially in the less investigated subsoils. The aim of this stu...