Organizational change is discussed in the context of a conceptual model resting on philosophical, sociological, and anthropological foundations. Distinguishing between an open and a closed form of organization, the authors focus on two theses. The first is that organizations as societal systems are marked by the simultaneous existence of two forms of organization that are mutually exclusive in ...

In the debate on why firms exist, the question of who chooses between firms and markets and on what basis is rarely addressed. This paper argues that the choice is a core element of the entrepreneurial pursuit of visions or conceptions of business opportunities. To successfully organize resources into the envisioned businesses – be it via firms or markets – resource owners must be coordinated o...

A central issue in theories of organizational learning concerns the relation between knowledge of individuals and knowledge at the level of an organization. ‘Communities’ form a crucial intermediate level, in which knowledge links between individuals are achieved, and which then somehow form the basis for organizational learning. Hence the importance of the study of such communities. The focus ...