The study aim was to establish how recruitment maneuvers (RMs) influence lung mechanics and to determine whether RMs produce lung injury. Healthy BALB/c mice were allocated to receive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 2 or 6 cmH(2)O and volume- (20 or 40 mL/kg) or pressure-controlled (25 cmH(2)O) RMs every 5 or 75 min for 150 min. The low-frequency forced oscillation technique was used...

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperconstriction is the cause of many respiratory diseases including asthma. In vitro testing has demonstrated that the active forces of ASM are reduced by length oscillation (LO) mimicking tidal breathing. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this force reduction can be further enhanced when superimposing oscillations (with certain frequencies and amplitudes) o...

The electroretinogram (ERG) evoked in the lobster by a short flash of light consists of a highly damped, slow oscillation of potential, triggered apparently by a single excitatory process. Near the threshold, only one wave may be evident; but as the intensity of stimulus rises, a prior wave appears, and grows so much more rapidly as to become dominant. Simultaneously third and later waves appea...

Most projections of greenhouse gas-induced climate change indicate a weakening of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic in response to increased freshening and warming in the subpolar region. These changes reduce high latitude upper ocean density, and therefore weaken the THC. Using ensembles of numerical experiments with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, it is found that thi...

Against the backdrop of warming of the Northern Hemisphere it has recently been acknowledged that North Atlantic temperature changes undergo considerable variability over multidecadal periods. The leading component of natural low-frequency temperature variability has been termed the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Presently, correlative studies on the biological impact of the AMO on ma...

The early last glacial termination was characterized by intense North Atlantic cooling and weak overturning circulation. This interval between ~18,000 and 14,600 years ago, known as Heinrich Stadial 1, was accompanied by a disruption of global climate and has been suggested as a key factor for the termination. However, the response of interannual climate variability in the tropical Pacific (El ...

Abstract   This work proposes a novel method to find the phase error and oscillation amplitude in multiphase LC oscillators. A mathematical approach is used to find the relationship between every stage's output phase and its coupling factor. To much more general analysis, every stage assumed to have a different coupling factor. The mismatches in LC tanks are considered as the main source of pha...

Speech elicits a phase-locked response in the auditory cortex that is dominated by theta (3-7 Hz) frequencies when observed via magnetoencephalography (MEG). This phase-locked response is potentially explained as new phase-locked activity superimposed on the ongoing theta oscillation or, alternatively, as phase-resetting of the ongoing oscillation. The conventional method used to distinguish be...

The main objective of this study was to reveal the impact of nine climate indices on temperature changes and climate oscillations in Golestan Province along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Climate indices data from across the Atlantic-Eurasian sector were collected from the NCEP/NCAR, the Climate Prediction Centre (CPC) and the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) over a period of 40 years (1971...