This paper reports the isolation of individual layers in a thin composite reverse osmosis membrane. Unlike previous studies where the active layer has always been isolated on top of a solid support, we were able to obtain layers of unsupported active layer. These layers were characterised for their thickness, water vapour sorption and salt transport properties.

In this paper, vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the topography of several nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane surfaces. Comparing roughness results from the two different characterization techniques revealed u f o a m ©

CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This chapter introduces the parts of the eukaryotic cell which will be developed in future chapters to explain the functions performed by particular tissues and organs. The phenomena associated with diffusion and osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane are explained. The processes of protein synthesis and cell division, both mitotic and meiotic (including cytokinesis), are de...

Analysis of Fouling Resistances under Dynamic Filtration of Pretreated Olive Mill Wastewater on a Loose Reverse Osmosis Membrane Javier Miguel Ochando-Pulido, Marco Stoller, Antonio Martínez-Férez Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentnueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain b University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Department of Chemical Engineering, Via Eudossiana, 18-00184 Rome...

The use of ultrafiltration technology for municipal drinking water applications is a relatively recent concept, although in the beginning, it is already commonly used in many industrial applications such as food or pharmaceutical industries. Ultrafiltration is proven to be a competitive treatment compare with conventional ones. In some cases, the combination of ultrafiltration with conventional...

A new membrane process is described that can be used to recoverplating chemicals from electroplating rinse waters. The process, called coupled transport, is based on liquid membranes that are comprised of a thin, polymeric microporous support containing a metal-ion complexing agent within the pores. Metal ions present in the rinse solutions are transported across these membranes and can be conc...

The axial development of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling on selected reverse osmosis (RO) membrane surfaces was investigated experimentally in a plate-and-frame RO system. Scaling experiments with model solutions demonstrated progressive axial development of surface gypsum crystals along the membrane surface. The impact of surface crystallization was characterized via flux decline me...

This paper considers permeation through microporous or nanoporous inorganic membranes under the influence of an applied pressure gradient. In general membrane permeation may be considered as a diffusive process, driven by the gradient of chemical potential (which depends on both composition and pressure). The relative importance of these two factors varies greatly for different types of system....

Many reclamation treatments as well as integrated processes for the purification of olive mill wastewaters (OMW) have already been proposed and developed but not led to completely satisfactory results, principally due to complexity or cost-ineffectiveness. The olive oil industry in its current status, composed of little and dispersed factories, cannot stand such high costs. Moreover, these trea...

Long-term reverse osmosis tests were conducted with electroplating wastes on a new membrane referred to as NS-100. This membrane consists of a polyurea layer, formed by the reaction of tolylene diisocyanate with polyethylenimine, deposited on a porous polysulfone support film. The membranes were tested as liners within 0.5411. diameter fiber glass tubes. A total of 2360 hr of continuous reverse...