The function of SIRT1 in the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of dental stem cells is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the roles of SIRT1 in these processes using periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). A defined concentration of resveratrol, an SIRT1 activator, or nicotinamide, an SIRT1 inhibitor, was administered to PDLSCs...

The understanding of the cellular basis of osteoblastic cell-biomaterial interaction is crucial to the analysis of the mechanism of osseointegration. Cell adhesion is a complex process that is dependent on the cell types and on the surface microtopography and chemistry of the substrate. We have studied the role of microtopography in modulating cell adhesion, in vitro, using a human osteoblastic...

Hikiji, Hisako, Wee Soo Shin, Toshiyuki Koizumi, Tsuyoshi Takato, Takafumi Susami, Yoko Koizumi, Yoko Okai-Matsuo, and Teruhiko Toyo-oka. Peroxynitrite production by TNF-a and IL-1b: implication for suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278: E1031–E1037, 2000.—To determine the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and its metabolite, peroxynitrite (ONOO2), on osteoblas...

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were first isolated from bone marrow and then from various adult tissues including placenta, cord blood, deciduous teeth, and amniotic fluid. MSCs are defined or characterized by their ability to adhere to plastic, to express specific surface antigens, and to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. Although the...

Sir, Despite the low incidence of metastases in jaw bones compared with the rest of the skeleton, metastases are important because of the poor prognosis they carry. Their presence can indicate a yet unknown lesion, a disseminated cancer, or recurrence of the disease.[1] We report a case of a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast to the mandible affecting the condyle showing a unique radiologi...

Bone metastasis, a very common sequelae of cancer, is often associated with great morbidity. Understanding the biology of bone metastases may lead to therapeutic interventions to target the metastases. In addition to replacing bone marrow elements, the presence of tumour cells in bone modulates the normal bone remodelling process. Some tumours result in primarily osteolytic bone lesions, wherea...

Calcium homeostasis is a tightly regulated process involving the co-ordinated efforts of the skeleton, kidney, parathyroid glands and intestine. Neoplasms can alter this homeostasis indirectly through the production of endocrine factors resulting in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Relatively common with breast and lung cancer, this paraneoplastic condition is most often due to tumour prod...

Rectal carcinoids comprise 12.6% of all carcinoid tumors and represent the third largest group of the gut carcinoids. A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. She had liver, bone, and bone marrow metastasis. Carcinoid syndrome was diagnosed due to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and high level of 24-hour urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (160 mg/24 hou...