For many real-life Bayesian networks, common knowledge dictates that the output established for the main variable of interest increases with higher values for the observable variables. We define two concepts of monotonicity to capture this type of knowledge. We say that a network is isotone in distribution if the probability distribution computed for the output variable given specific observati...

This study compared a conventional P300 speller brain-computer interface (BCI) to one used in conjunction with a predictive spelling program. Performance differences in accuracy, bit rate, selections per minute, and output characters per minute (OCM) were examined. An 8×9 matrix of letters, numbers, and other keyboard commands was used. Participants (n = 24) were required to correctly complete ...

We consider a model in which an innovating monopolist of a technologically superior intermediate input must sell this product to final output producers. Prior research shows that, with complete information, the monopolist’s optimal strategy will lead to complete adoption of this technologically superior innovation. In this article we show that, when the price of some competitively supplied inpu...

We study in this paper the problem of disturbance decoupling with constant (i.e., static) measurement feedback (DDPCM) for linear systems. For a class of systems which have a left invertible transfer function from the control input to the controlled output or a right invertible transfer function from the disturbance input to the measurement output, we obtain a complete characterization of all s...

While ensembles have been used for structured output learning, the literature lacks an extensive study of different strategies to construct ensembles in this context. In this work, we fill this gap by presenting a thorough empirical comparison of ensembles that predict the complete output structure at once, versus a combination of ensembles that each predicts a single component of the structure...

This paper describes the systems of, and the experiments by, Microsoft Research Asia (MSRA), with the support of Microsoft Research (MSR), in the IWSLT 2010 evaluation campaign. We participated in all tracks of the DIALOG task (Chinese/English). While we follow the general training and decoding routine of statistical machine translation (SMT) and that of MT output combination, it is our first t...

Productivity measurement is considered in the context of incomplete output information. Only a value measure of output is assumed to be available, which is typical for many service industries. Input markets are assumed competitive while the output market is allowed to be non--competitive, potential markups being assumed to be either known or constant. It is shown that if production technologies...

1. Overview This paper talks about monotonicity of P and NP by using monotone circuit and Log Space Transducer (LST). We can reduce Deterministic Turing Machine (DTM) to monotone circuit value problem by using LST. Therefore DTM has nonmonotonicity of the degree that LST can compute it. But Nondeterministic Turing Machine (NTM) have nonmono-tonicity that LST cannot compute it. Therefore We cann...