Follicular development is controlled partly by intra-ovarian and intrafollicular factors within the ovary and partly by extra-ovarian events. Many oocyte derived factors and granulose cell factors are also involved in follicle development. A better understanding of all the processes involved in follicular development regulated by growth factors will develop procedures to enhance the reproductiv...

The study aimed to investigate the effects of FSH and eCG on the ovarian and follicular development, expression levels of FSHR and caspase-9 of ovaries in vivo. One hundred and five prepuberty mice were allocated into FSH-1, FSH-2, FSH-3, eCG-1, eCG-2, eCG-3 groups and control group (CG). Mice in FSH-1, FSH-2 and FSH-3 were intramuscularly injected with 5, 10 and 20 IU FSH twice (on day 0 and 4...

Human ovarian physiology is still poorly understood, with the factors and mechanisms that control initiation of follicular recruitment and loss remaining particularly unclear. Conventional hypothesis-led studies provide new data, results and insights, but datasets from individual studies are often small, allowing only limited interpretation. Great power is afforded by the aggregation of data fr...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Prenatal exposure to BaP causes premature reproductive senescence in mice, and other PAHs are transplacental ovarian carcinogens. Glutathione (GSH) is critical for detoxification of the reactive metabolites of PAHs. Therefore, we h...

OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine the time course for ovarian failure in rats caused by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) and develop a model for ovarian cancer in which ovarian neoplasms were chemically induced in an animal that was follicle depleted, but retained residual ovarian tissue. METHODS Initially, female Fisher 344 rats were treated with VCD (to induce ovarian failure) o...

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disorder well known to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Insulin resistance is likely involved in the promotion of the PCOS reproductive phenotype and may mediate some of the ovarian morphology seen in the disorder. The phenotype of each individual woman with PCOS can vary widely as can her metabolic risk. ...

Age-specific incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer indicates a hormonal etiology and relates it to menopause, a time during the aging process when ovaries fail but the pituitary becomes overactive to produce a greater amount of gonadotropins. There is a 10-fold to 20-fold increase in the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level and a 3-fold to 5-fold increase in the luteinizing hormone (LH) le...

The outcome of ovulation induction in anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may depend, in part, on the pharmacologic compounds used, but also on individual patient characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), hyperandrogenism, luteinizing hormone (LH), hyper-secretion, anti mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and possibly antral follicle count (AFC) with ovarian volume of these wom...

background: this study aimed to evaluate the strength of anti?mullerian hormone (amh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) in reflecting the antral follicle count (afc) in infertile females. materials and methods: this cross?sectional study was conducted on 160 females, visiting infertility clinic for assisted reproduction. serum samples collected on the 3rd day of the cycle were assayed for ...

Recent studies challenge the previous view that apoptosis within the granulosa cells of the maturing ovarian follicle is a reflection of aging and consequently a marker for poor quality of the contained oocyte. On the contrary, apoptosis within the granulosa cells is an integral part of normal development and has limited predictive capability regarding oocyte quality or the ensuing pregnancy ra...