Abstract In the field of rule-based approaches to Machine Learning , XCS classifier system (XCS) is a well-known representative learning systems family. By using genetic algorithm (GA), aims at forming rules or so-called classifiers which are as general possible achieve an optimal performance level. A too high generalization pressure may lead over-general degrading XCS. To date, no method exist...

In our recent paper, ‘Semantic generality, input frequency and the acquisition of syntax’ (Journal of Child Language 31, 61–99), we presented data from two-year-old children to examine the question of whether the semantic generality of verbs contributed to their ease and stage of acquisition over and above the effects of their typically high frequency in the language to which children are expos...

One of the goals of software engineering research is to achieve generality: Are the phenomena found in a few projects reflective of what goes on in others? Will a technique benefit more than just the projects it is evaluated on? The discipline of our community has gained rigor over the past twenty years and is now attempting to achieve generality through evaluation and study of an increasing nu...

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abstract We study a generality of an inflationary scenario by integrating the Einstein equations numerically in a plane-symmetric spacetime. We consider the inhomogeneous spacetimes due to (i) localized gravitational waves with a positive cosmological constant Λ, and (ii) an inhomogeneous inflaton field Φ with a potential 1 2 m 2 Φ 2. For the case (i), we find that any initial inhomogeneities a...