Animals must continuously evaluate sensory information to select the preferable among possible actions in a given context, including the option to wait for more information before committing to another course of action. In experimental sensory decision tasks that replicate these features, reaction time distributions can be informative about the implicit rules by which animals determine when to ...

Ozone initiated heterogeneous oxidation of micron-sized oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LOA) single droplets was investigated using a gas-flow system combined with microscopic Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectrometer. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) and the overall uptake coefficient (g) are obtained by quantitatively estimating the changes in ab...

Tetrahydropyrans are common motifs in natural products and have now been constructed with high stereocontrol through a three-component allylboration-Prins reaction sequence. This methodology has been applied to a concise (13 steps) and efficient (14 % overall yield) synthesis of the macrolide (-)-clavosolide A. The synthesis also features an early stage glycosidation reaction to introduce the x...

A major goal in chemical kinetics is to determine the sequence of elementary reactions, or the reaction mechanism, that comprise complex reactions. For example, Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for proposing the elementary reactions involving chlorine radicals that contribute to the overall reaction of O3 → O2 in the troposphere. In the following sectio...

Modified three-taxon analysis (m3ta), a method in which three-taxon statements are produced from a nonadditive binary coding of the original data, has been proposed as a model-free way of assessing monophyly of groups, utilizing the taxic concept of homology. In fact the taxic concept amounts to a model, and, further, one that seems to conflict directly with evolution. M3ta is a type of groupin...

Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) by Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH, TE Connectivity, and Software AG The increase in overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) is one of the most important applications of Industrie 4.0. However, retrofitting existing production systems poses major challenges for plant operators. For this reason, Pepperl+Fuchs, TE Connectivity, and Software AG – companies that are technologica...

The stability constants and complexation reaction between L-glutamine, L-arginine andglycine with Zn (II) , Co (II) and Ni (II) were studied potentiometrically in aqueous solution at25° C and μ=0.1 M KNO3. The overall stability constants log β´s of all species are obtained bycomputer refinement of pH-volume data using BEST computer program. Several models weretested and the lowest δFIT, the bes...

Limited reaction between Li 0.3 La 0.5 TiO 3 and molten lithium sufficiently modifies the properties of anode, improving overall performance solid-state batteries.

The perturbative QCD provides a good overall description of both the jet and hadron multiplicities in the e + e − annihilation reaction. In this description the hadrons are considered as dual to partons at a small resolution parameter Q 0 characteristic of a hadronic scale of few hundred MeV. Abstract. The perturbative QCD provides a good overall description of both the jet and hadron multiplic...

Caulerpin (1a), a bis-indole alkaloid from the marine algal Caulerpa sp., was synthesized in three reaction steps with an overall yield of 11%. The caulerpin analogues (1b-1g) were prepared using the same synthetic pathway with overall yields between 3% and 8%. The key reaction involved a radical oxidative aromatic substitution involving xanthate (3) and 3-formylindole compounds (4a-4g). All bi...