Seed formation is a pivotal process in plant reproduction and dispersal. It begins with megagametophyte development in the ovule, followed by fertilization and subsequently coordinated development of embryo, endosperm, and maternal seed coat. Two closely related MADS-box genes, SHATTERPROOF 1 and 2 (SHP1 and SHP2) are involved in specifying ovule integument identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The...

Wind pollination is predominantly a derived condition in angiosperms and is thought to evolve in response to ecological conditions that render animal pollination less advantageous. However, the specific ecological and evolutionary mechanisms responsible for transitions from animal to wind pollination are poorly understood in comparison with other major reproductive transitions in angiosperms, i...

Cycas circinalis L commonly known as Queen Sago a member of the cycad family, was investigated for antibacterial activity against important human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus cereus (MTCC 1272), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC 7410) and important plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas axonapodis pv malvacearum (Isolated from cotton plant). The ovule of Cycas circi...

In flowering plants, sperm cells develop in the pollen cytoplasm and are transported through floral tissues to an ovule by a pollen tube, a highly polarized cellular extension. After targeting an ovule, the pollen tube bursts, releasing two sperm that fertilize an egg and a central cell. Here, we identified the gene encoding Arabidopsis HAP2, demonstrating that it is allelic to GCS1. HAP2 is ex...

In flowering plants, meiocytes develop from subepidermal cells in anthers and ovules. The mechanisms that integrate gene-regulatory processes with meiotic programs during reproductive development remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 (ARP6), a subunit of the SWR1 ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, exhibit defects...

Reciprocal pollination was made between Lilium nobilissimum and L. regale. Pollen tubes reached the base of style within 144 h after pollination, but no mature seeds were obtained in either cross combination. Explants, or ovules-with-placental-tissue excised from each carpel 30 and 40 days after pollination (DAP), were cultured on a medium composed of major salts of B-5 macronutrient (Gamborg, ...

In the angiosperms, fertilization initiates the formation of the seed from the ovule, including the differentiation of the seed coat from the ovule integuments. Seed coat differentiation includes some of the most dramatic cellular changes of seed development and culminates in the death of the seed coat cells. Recently, genetic analyses in Arabidopsis have contributed substantially to our unders...