Oxidant stress is a ubiquitous stressor with negative impacts on multiple cell types. ASK1 is a central mediator of oxidant injury, but while mechanisms of its inhibition, such as sequestration by 14-3-3 proteins and thioredoxin, have been identified, mechanisms of activation have remained obscure and the signaling pathways regulating this are not clear. Here, we report that phosphorylation of ...

Reactive oxidant species (ROS), products of normal metabolism, cause oxidant injury if they accumulate in pathological amounts. Lysozyme (LZ) contains an 18-amino acid domain that binds agents such as advanced glycation end products (AGE) that generate ROS. We examined whether endogenous LZ affected physiological, or baseline, antioxidant balance and provided protection against both acute and c...

Oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death mediate pathologies associated with ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation. Our previous work in rabbit renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) demonstrated that inhibition of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) potentiates oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and necrosis, implicating iPLA(2) in phospholipid repair. This study was conducte...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that can cause systemic invasion; however, the exact etiology and molecular mechanism are unknown. Astaxanthin (ASX), a powerful antioxidant, has efficient anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other activities, and has great research prospects in cancer therapy. We selected the human hepatoma cell lines, LM3 and SMMC-7721, to study the anti-tu...

We read with interest the review paper on aspirin and clopidogrel resistance by Wang et al.1 We agree that it is an emerging entity with important clinical implications. Nevertheless, we were surprised that very little emphasis was put on the antiplatelet agent resistance of diabetic patients. Only one short sentence mentioned that hyperglycaemia may decrease the effectiveness of antiplatelet t...

Human red blood cells are lysed by the neutrophil-derived oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), although the mechanism of lysis is unknown. Hypobromous acid (HOBr), a similarly reactive oxidant, lysed red cells approx. 10-fold faster than HOCl. Therefore we compared the effects of these oxidants on thiols, membrane lipids and proteins to determine which reactions are associated with lysis. There wa...

Experiments were performed to assess the dose-dependent effects of quercetin, kaempferol, (+) catechin, and (-) epicatechin on superoxide radical production through the modulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activities. The experiments were carried out at flavanoid concentrations ranging from 1 µM to 100 µM. This investigation highlighted that flavonols induced opposi...

Hemoglobin (Hb) has been proposed to be a major pro-oxidant in raw and cooked meats. To understand the mechanisms and differentiate between the pro-oxidant and antioxidant potential of oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb), their pro-oxidant activity, protein solubility, radical scavenging capacity, iron content and contribution of non-chelatable iron on lipid oxidation were determine...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the oxidative status following a seizure in children experiencing a simple febrile seizure. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted at Harran University, Turkey, between January and September 2011. It comprised 32 paediatric patients who, within the preceding 8 hours, had experienced a seizure due to upper respiratory tract infection and had been diagnosed with s...

Unspecific biological effects of chemically diverse solvents strikingly reveal the unifying motif of oxidant toxicity both in higher organisms and in aerobic bacteria. In a few spectacular cases, solvent metabolites with oxidant properties were demonstrated, which however cannot explain extrahepatic toxicity, e.g. in muscle and nerve cells. A common source of solvent-inducible oxidants, by cont...