Cigarette smoke is a mixture of chemicals having direct and/or indirect toxic effects on different lung cells. We investigated the effect of cigarette smoke on human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) oxidation and apoptosis. Cells were exposed to various concentrations (1, 5, and 10%) of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 3 h, and oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence-activated cel...

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary components. Abeta(1-42) is a principal component of senile plaques and is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the disease. The Alzheimer's disease brain is under significant oxidative stress, and the Abeta(1-42) peptide is known to cause oxidative stress in vitro. One co...

The aim of the present review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the biological and epidemiological evidence of the role of oxidative stress as a major underlying feature of the toxic effect of air pollutants, and the potential role of dietary supplementation in enhancing antioxidant defences. A bibliographic search was conducted through PubMed. The keywords used in the search were "air p...

Supplemental oxygen is often administered to induce hyperoxia in nonhypoxic patients for indications such as chest pain, despite lack of evidence of clinical benefit. Induced hyperoxia is potentially toxic, since it may increase oxidative stress and peroxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, lipids and proteins. The aim of this study was to establish whether supplemental oxygen induces oxida...

OBJECTIVE The manipulation of gametes and embryos in an in vitro environment when performing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) carries the risk of exposure of these cells to supraphysiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main objective of this review is to provide ART personnel with all the necessary information regarding the development of oxidative stress in an ART setti...

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which wi...

Oxidative stress is the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ability of the biological systems to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Disturbances in the normal redox state of tissues can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell including proteins, lipi...

AIMS Ethanol consumption originates a wide spectrum of disorders, including alteration of visual function. Oxidative stress is included among the mechanisms by which alcohol predisposes nervous tissue to injury. Retina, which is the neurosensorial eye tissue, is particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. METHODS In this study we analyze the effect of long-term alcohol consumption on oxidativ...

The molecular mechanisms mediating mercury‑induced neurotoxicity are not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the severity of MeHg‑ and HgCl2‑mediated cytotoxicity to SH‑SY5Y human dopaminergic neurons can be attenuated by regulating glutamate‑mediated signal‑transmission through caffeine and interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ). The SH‑SY5Y cells were exposed to 1,...

Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants (in favor of the pro-oxidants). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the body continuously as a part of normal metabolism. Under normal physiological conditions a healthy balance exists between prooxidants and antioxidants. However, when the defense system gets disturbed due to fast growth, inadequate die...