IκBζ, an atypical member of the nuclear IκB family of proteins, is expressed at low levels in most resting cells, but is induced upon stimulation of Toll-like/IL-1 receptors through an IRAK1/IRAK4/NFκB-dependent pathway. Like its homolog Bcl3, IκBζ can regulate the transcription of a set of inflamatory genes through its association with the p50 or p52 subunits of NF-κB. Long studied as a key co...

Background Via its interaction with the cellular cofactor LEDGF/p75, HIV-1 integration is targeted towards active genes. Several strategies were used to show the important role of LEDGF/p75 in viral replication. After RNAi-mediated knockdown of LEDGF/p75, residual replication was observed, possibly supported by minute LEDGF/p75 protein levels. Mouse knockout fibroblasts were generated, enabling...

p53 is a pivotal tumor suppressor and a major barrier against cancer. We now report that silencing of the Hippo pathway tumor suppressors LATS1 and LATS2 in nontransformed mammary epithelial cells reduces p53 phosphorylation and increases its association with the p52 NF-κB subunit. Moreover, it partly shifts p53's conformation and transcriptional output toward a state resembling cancer-associat...

The number of bound states of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation is analyzed in terms of the number of bound states corresponding to ‘‘fragments’’ of the potential. When the potential is integrable and has a finite first moment, the sharp inequalities 12p1( j51 p N j<N<( j51 p N j are proved, where p is the number of fragments, N is the total number of bound states, and N j is the number ...

This paper tests the proposition that Russian nominal prices were distorted to support bankrupt sectors, which is the foundation of the virtual economy. The input-output table for 1997 is converted from rubles into dollars using American prices as shadow values. Three sectors belonging to the intermediate stage of processing are found to have negative value-added. An alternative measure of the ...

This paper compares growth conditions in China and Latin America to assess fears that China will displace Latin America in the coming decades. China’s strengths include the size of the economy, macroeconomic stability, abundant low-cost labour, the rapid expansion of physical infrastructure and the ability to innovate. Its weaknesses stem from insufficient separation between market and state. T...