In two experiments, we tested whether individual differences in strategy production account for individual differences in performance on a working memory span task. We measured the strategies used during a standard experimenter-paced operation span (OSPAN) task by having participants make both set-by-set reports of strategy use for individual item sets and global reports of strategy use. In Exp...

Grit, a recently proposed personality trait associated with persistence for long-range goals, predicts achievement in a wide range of important life outcomes. Using motivational intensity theory, the present research examined the physiological underpinnings of grit during an active coping task. Forty young adults completed the Short Grit Scale and worked on a self-paced mental effort task. Effo...

PURPOSE Self-paced maximal testing methods may be able to exploit central mediation of function-limiting fatigue and therefore have potential to generate more valid estimates of peak oxygen uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new method for self-paced peak performance testing on treadmills and to compare peak and submaximal performance outcomes with those obtai...

Brain-controlled wheelchairs (BCWs) are a promising solution for people with severe motor disabilities, who cannot use conventional interfaces. However, the low reliability of electroencephalographic signal decoding and high user's workload imposed by continuous control wheelchair requires effective approaches. In this article, we propose self-paced P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) com...

The atria of 37 patients were paced from selected sites during cardiac surgery. When the atria were paced from endocardial sites low in the right atrium, the P waves in ECG leads II, III, and aVF were shown to be either negative, biphasic, or positive, depending on the site paced. When the endocardial sites were paced, the P-R intervals were, almost without exception, less than 0.12 sec. When t...

This study aims at investigating whether Persian native speakers highly advanced in English as a second language (L2ers) can switch to optimal processing strategies in the languages they know and whether working memory capacity (WMC) plays a role in this respect. To this end, using a self-paced reading task, we examined the processing strategies 62 Persian speaking proficient L2ers used to read...

PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to determine whether paced breathing (synchronization of the expiration phase with poling time) would reduce the metabolic rate and dictate a lower rate of perceived exertion (RPE) than does spontaneous breathing and (2) to analyze the effects of paced breathing on poling forces and stride-mechanics organization during roller-ski skating exercises. METHODS Thirtee...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to study whether a fast-paced television show immediately influences preschool-aged children's executive function (eg, self-regulation, working memory). METHODS Sixty 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to watch a fast-paced television cartoon or an educational cartoon or draw for 9 minutes. They were then given 4 tasks tapping executive function, includ...

OBJECTIVES The goal of this analysis was to determine the appropriate biventricular pacing target in patients with heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) decreases the risk of death and HF hospitalization. However, the appropriate amount of biventricular pacing is ill-defined. METHODS Mortality and HF hospitalization data from patients undergoing CRT in 2 tri...