In this study we investigated the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the organization, strength, and distribution of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over the Indo-Pacific region for understanding El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study is based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s (TRMM) precipitation features dataset during bore...

THOMAS A. SPIES,∗††† JAY D. MILLER,† JOSEPH B. BUCHANAN,‡ JOHN F. LEHMKUHL,§ JERRY F. FRANKLIN,∗∗ SEAN P. HEALEY,†† PAUL F. HESSBURG,§ HUGH D. SAFFORD,‡‡ WARREN B. COHEN,∗ REBECCA S.H. KENNEDY,∗ ERIC E. KNAPP,§§ JAMES K. AGEE,∗∗ AND MELINDA MOEUR∗∗∗ ∗U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A. †U.S. Departmen...

Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) inhabits the entire North Pacific region and supports the third largest fishery after walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Although walleye pollock is often processed into various food products, Pacific and Atlantic cod are often preserved using salt for transport and consumption worldwide. Salt suppresses bacterial growth an...

The use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection is increasing. Since for Streptococcus pneumoniae a ratio of the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(24)) for the agent to the MIC (AUC(24)/MIC) greater than 30 for the fraction of unbound drug (f(u)) is the major pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) parameter correlating with bacter...

The sea level anomaly data derived from satellite altimetry are analyzed to investigate statistical characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific. Eddies are detected by a free-threshold eddy identification algorithm. The results show that the distributions of size, amplitude, propagation speed, and eddy kinetic energy of eddy follow the Rayleigh distribution. The most active regions...

To understand sources of variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, a region integral to modulating global temperatures, the waters upwelling from the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) are characterized. Past work is updated using temperature and salinity measurements from the Argo array and current measurements from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. A larger hemispheric asymmetry is found...

The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region with an estimated 160 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers in 2007 bears a significant burden of HBV-related mortality and morbidity.1 Most Member States in the region have an estimated chronic HBV infection proportion of more than 8% in their adult population, which is the highest worldwide.2 The WHO Regional Office for the...

Accurate projections of future temperature and precipitation patterns in many regions of the world depend on quantifying anthropogenic signatures in tropical Pacific climate against its rich background of natural variability. However, the detection of anthropogenic signatures in the region is hampered by the lack of continuous, century-long instrumental climate records. This study presents cora...

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and key contributing factors include chronic colonic inflammation and the extent and duration of disease. This increase in risk is more likely to result from chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa than from any clearly defined genetic predisposition. However, globally, the true mag...