purpose: to compare low volume transconjunctival anterior peribulbar anesthesia with transcutaneous posterior peribulbar anesthesia in phacoemulsification. methods: patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were randomly divided into two groups: in first group 5ml of 2% lidocaine was injected transcutaneously in the posterior orbital space. in the second group, 2ml of 5% lidocaine was injected...

the effect of low intensity laser radiation in the treatment of acute and chronic pain is now established in many studies. trigeminal neuralgia is a pain passes through nerve’s branches and its trigger is located in skin or mucosa that could lead to pain with a trigger stimulus. the pain involved branches of trigeminal nerve that sometimes has patients to seek the treatment for several years. n...

background: pain and limited range of motion (rom) are the crucial subsequent results of joint hemorrhages in individuals with bleeding disorders and hemophilia. exercise interventions are particularly recommended in treatment of such patients. the purpose of this study was to detect the influences of conventional exercise therapy and hydrotherapy on the knee joint complications in patients wit...

Central pain below the injury level after spinal cord injury is excruciating, chronic and resistive to treatment. Animal studies suggest that pretreatment may prevent central pain, but to date there are no measures to predict its development. Our aim was to monitor changes in the sensory profile below the lesion prior to the development of below-level central pain in order to search for a param...

Not all spinal contusions result in mechanical allodynia, in which non-noxious stimuli become noxious. The studies presented use the NYU impactor at 12.5 mm drop or the Infinite Horizons Impactor (150 kdyn, 1 s dwell) devices to model spinal cord injury (SCI). Both of these devices and injury parameters, if done correctly, will result in animals with above level (forelimb), at level (trunk) and...