To analyse paired comparison outcomes, such as with non-standard probabilities, a basis is created for the space of all binary interactions, whether from probabilities, correlations, etc. In this manner, the source of all transitive and non-transitive behaviours (e.g. path dependencies) can be identified.

UNLABELLED Circulating tumor cells (CTC) harvested from peripheral blood have received significant interest as sources for serial sampling to gauge treatment efficacy. Nanotechnology and microfluidic based approaches are emerging to facilitate such analyses. While of considerable clinical importance, there is little information on how similar or different CTCs are from their shedding bulk tumor...

Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechani...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether plain radiographs can show changes in joint damage due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within 3 months. METHODS 188 film pairs taken with a 3 month interval were evaluated. They were scored with (chronological) and without (paired) knowledge of the sequence of the films according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Changes in joint damage were analysed on a grou...

Weekly composite rainfall samples were collected in three paired urban and agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States and along the Mississippi River during April-September 1995. The paired sampling sites were located in Mississippi, Iowa, and Minnesota. A background site, removed from dense urban and agriculture areas, was located near Lake Superior in Michigan. Herbicides were the p...

Objectives: To investigate whether plain radiographs can show changes in joint damage due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within 3 months. Methods: 188 film pairs taken with a 3 month interval were evaluated. They were scored with (chronological) and without (paired) knowledge of the sequence of the films according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Changes in joint damage were analysed on a grou...

Blood lactate assays are now widely used as measures of oxygen debt, especially in the areas of assessment of anaerobic power; assessment of fatigue; VO2(max) end-point determination, and rationalisation of work-rest cycles. A need exists for a method which will meet the following criteria: simplicity--single, small samples; rapidity, and feasibility with easily available instrument and chemica...

In the study of paired comparisons (PC), items may be ranked or issues may be prioritized through subjective assessment of certain judges. PC models are developed and then used to serve the purpose of ranking. The PC models may be studied through classical or Bayesian approach. Bayesian inference is a modern statistical technique used to draw conclusions about the population parameters. Its bea...