oil sector is the most effective sector in these countries. oil is the most important product that world industries use as the cheapest energy. the price of oil depends on the world’s supply and demand and many economic, political and geographical variables. this is the reason why the price of oil has fluctuations. the fluctuations in oil price lead to fluctuate in the oil revenues of the membe...

In this paper a new method to estimate the equivalence scale elasticity using individual panel data on income satisfaction will be developed. In contrast to other subjective approaches, the present one benefits from the fact that no direct cardinal individual welfare function has to be specified. In addition, panel data enables different scale use by the respondents to be controlled. The approa...

In an open multi-country economy, the safe assets supply shapes pattern of international capital flows. A higher productivity growth rate raises net inflows for economies with abundant assets, but reduces scarce assets. The cross-section analysis on a sample 170 over 1980–2013 confirms theory. evidence is robust instrument-variable (IV) method. JEL Classifications: F15, F36, F43

Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate the link between production-related subsidies and exports. We document that only a small fraction of enterprises is subsidized, and that exports and subsidies are positively related. Using a matching ap...

We develop a stochastic frontier model with unknown locations and number of structural breaks for both efficiency and technology. The structural changes in technology and efficiency are different. It is possible to identify these two types of changes even under a short panel context. The algorithm to estimate the model is designed to avoid the potential pitfalls with panel data. Parallel comput...

We propose a framework to estimate earnings distributions and worker and firm unobserved heterogeneity on matched panel data. We introduce two models: a static model that allows for interaction effects between workers and firms, and a dynamic model that allows in addition for Markovian dynamics in earnings and mobility decisions. We establish identification in short panels. We develop a tractab...

This paper investigates the differences in the matching process of job seekers and vacancies to be filled between different educational and occupational groups. To investigate this issue, matching functions are estimated across different occupations and educational cohorts, that is, on an even lower level of aggregation than previously investigated in the literature, and along different dimensi...

Measurement error causes a downward bias when estimating a panel data linear regression model. The panel data context offers various opportunities to derive moment conditions that result in consistent GMM estimators. We consider three sources of moment conditions: (i) restrictions on the intertemporal covariance matrix of the errors in the equations, (ii) heteroskedasticity and nonlinearity in ...

When attempting to measure gun ownership in the United States, the problem of missing administrative data arises, making it necessary to find a valid proxy. Several such proxies are employed in economic studies, one of which is the fraction of “suicides by firearm” of “all suicides” (FSS). My work validates this proxy from out-of-sample data, namely, Austrian administrative data on firearm lice...