Historians attribute the Egyptians in the Nile Delta with preparing the first type of paper, from a marsh grass called Cyperus papyrus. They cut the plant’s stem into thin strips, softened them in the river, and then pounded them into thin sheets that were then left to dry in the sun. The resulting sheets were ideal for writing on, and Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used them for record keeping,...

A new synergetic flame retardant system (SFRS) using ammonium polyphosphate/melamine cyanurate (APP/MCA) core-shell particle was synthesized and applied to papermaking. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was added to improve the adsorption of SFRS in pulp. Higher amounts of SFRS led to higher adsorption by pulp. Handsheets were produced with different amounts of SFRS. Thermal gravimetric analysis (...

Machine vision has substantial potential, allowing us to implement reliable and flexible solutions for various tasks such as inspection, surface quality analysis, object detection, etc. In this paper we present a real-time system for automatic detection and registration of watermarks from continuous web paper. This is an important issue in papermaking since the manufacturers require the waterma...

The evolution of papermaking from XII century, in Europe, was characterized by continuous changes of fibrous and non-fibrous materials as cellulose, wood pulp, sizing agents, fillers and coatings. In this study, the composition of many ancient paper documents is analysed by means of non-destructive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to identify the main components of paper ...

Paper has been made from grasses and other non-wood materials for over 1900 years. Wood is a relatively new papermaking fibre, only 100 years old. Today the commercial non-wood pulp production accounts for 6% of the global pulp production. The main source for the raw material is plants of the Gramineae family. Research on nonwood material has concentrated on grasses like Miscanthus, Phalaris, S...