It is a strong and commonly held belief among nutrition clinicians that enteral nutrition is preferable to parenteral nutrition. We provide a narrative review of more recent studies and technical reviews comparing enteral nutrition with parenteral nutrition. Despite significant weaknesses in the existing data, current literature continues to support the use of enteral nutrition in patients requ...

OBJECTIVES To study the long term tolerance of parenteral gold and subsequent drug treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, including prediction of outcome and 'survival' of sequential treatments. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 376 patients was made, including a detailed screening of 237 patients treated in 1989. Reasons for discontinuing treatment were analysed in life table...

The nutrient formulas used for parenteral nutrition are highly complex admixtures of multiple solutions, infused by the IV route to patients who are unable to receive nutrition by mouth or by the enteral route. The administered products contain macronutrients (amino acids, dextrose, and lipids), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, chloride, and acetate), micronutrien...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of alanine-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition defined by the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Secondary parameters included Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, hyperglycemia and insulin needs, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and 6-month mortality. DESIGN Multicenter, prospe...

A syndrome of hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia and the presence of sea-blue histiocytes in bone marrow has been associated with parenteral soybean oil administration in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A case is described here where this syndrome was observed in a pediatric patient who received long-term parenteral fish oil nutrition.

totally implantable venous access devices (tivad) or implantable catheter ports are devices which can be implanted subcutaneously. they enable prolonged and repeated access to the vascular system, into the peritoneal cavity or intravertebral space. this device is particularly useful for repeated medical injection, for blood sampling or transfusion of blood and blood derivatives and for total pa...

background: parenteral nutrition (pn) is a valuable life saving intervention, which can improve the nutritional status of hospitalized malnourished patients. pn is associated with complications including hyperglycemia. this study was conducted to compare two methods of blood glucose control in traumatic brain injury patients on pn. materials and methods: a randomized, open-label, controlled tri...

BACKGROUND A number of frail, older, undernourished patients cannot maintain adequate oral intake to meet protein-calorie needs after an illness, even when high-density nutritional supplements are added. Tolerance to enteral nutrition by gastric tube is poor in this group of patients. Peripheral parenteral nutrition is an effective method of administering nutritional support to patients with mi...

BACKGROUND Home parenteral nutrition is established as standard management for patients with chronic severe intestinal failure. Although the treatment is welcomed by many patients, there are psychological consequences of living with a central venous catheter and there are associated restrictions to the lives of patients on home parenteral nutrition. A subgroup of home parenteral nutrition patie...