a procedure is presented that synthesizes fractional crystallization separation processes to obtain pure solids from multi-component solutions. the method includes a procedure to generate a network flow model to identify alternative process designs for fractional crystallization. the main advantage of this systematic procedure with respect to other reported procedures is using non-equilibrium s...

In the developing world, skills in innovation and creative design have emerged as key attributes for graduating designers. Creativity is essential if we want to generate new solutions to the considerable and complex problems in architecture. Metaphor is frequently expressed as a key tool for enhancing creative design, yet little empirical research has been performed on how novice designers can ...

This paper proposes an advanced distribution automation planning problem in which emergency-based demand response plans are incorporated during service restoration process. The fitness function of this planning problem consists of various costs associated with fault occurrence in electric distribution systems consisting of the total yearly cost of customers’ interruptions, the total annualized ...

The satisfying of human needs through designing technical objects requires the compromisation and settling of various conflicting criteria at different stages of the engineering design process. The need for back and forth adjustment of design specifications, concept finding, and design embodiment can be considered to be carried out in a telescopic review fashion. The present study is concerned ...

poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pvdf) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning process. several different factors influence on this process and application of experimental design for its optimization is of great importance. the central composite design (ccd) was used for planning and optimizing of the experiments and also, the analysis of variance (anova) was employed for the statistical validat...

functions in landscape design include values in design and management process to satisfy moral and environmental needs that current attitudes see that as open space design by natural and man-made elements, while the basic intellectual layers related to human as the principles of environmental design have been forgotten. human urban knowledge seeks to meet in health, biological, psychological, s...

Purpose In this study, the process of implementation of ERP systems in hospitals is analysed, as an organisation with divided and heterogeneous functional areas. The purpose is to identify the principal technological objectives that were set in the process of implementation, which of those objectives were achieved, and the deficiencies that have subsequently become evident. Design/methodology/a...

In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in TehranUniversity who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learningthe subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "preparation", "incubation", "intuition", and "verification"were discussed and it was suggested that these steps cannot be taught ...