An efficient measurement methodology is proposed to construct the scattering parameters of a multi-port device using a four-port vector network analyzer (VNA) without the external un-terminated ports. By using the four-port VNA, the reflected waves from the un-terminated ports could be minimized. The proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of the S-parameters with less number of mea...

This paper concerns the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters in a time-dependent linear transport equation from full knowledge of the albedo operator at the boundary of a bounded domain of interest. We present optimal stability results on the reconstruction of the absorption and scattering parameters for a given error in the measured albedo operator.

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t A computer program called Neutron_CR-39.F90 for neutron simulation through a PADC detector and its detection was described and developed. In this work the neutron Am–Be source was considered for simulation. It was shown that the most intensive secondary particles, created in neutron interactions with the detector, are protons. The programming steps are outl...

[1] This study explores a simulation of ice cloud optical properties similar to those observed using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a dual-wavelength (0.532 and 1.064 mm) lidar. The goal is to better understand the sensitivity of the color ratio (the ratio of the backscatter coefficients at the wavelengths of 1.064 and 0.532 mm) to ice particle habit. The single-...

We numerically investigate the ratchet transport of mixtures of active and passive particles in a transversal asymmetric channel. A big passive particle is immersed in a 'sea' of active particles. Due to the chirality of active particles, the longitudinal directed transport is induced by the transversal asymmetry. For the active particles, the chirality completely determines the direction of th...

The creation, behavior, and performance of particle systems in computer graphics has been a balance between control, visual accuracy, and CPU utilization since their inception. A tradeoff must be made between a physically-accurate visual representation and computation time. The most mathematically-correct way to represent particle systems is through the application of Newton’s laws of motion. T...

Capreomycin is used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), but it is limited therapeutically by its severe side effects. The objectives of the present studies were (i) to design low-density porous capreomycin sulfate particles for efficient pulmonary delivery to improve local and systemic drug bioavailability and capacity to reduce the bacillary load in the lungs in a m...

We present a method for sequentially estimating time-varying noise parameters. Noise parameters are sequences of time-varying mean vectors representing the noise power in the log-spectral domain. The proposed sequential Monte Carlo method generates a set of particles in compliance with the prior distribution given by clean speech models. The noise parameters in this model evolve according to ra...

Ultrafine particles with a diameter below 1 μm are strongly linked to traffic and industrial emissions, causing a growing global health concern. In order to reveal the characteristics of ultrafine particles in central China, which makes up the sparse research in industrial cities of a developing country, particle number concentrations (PNC) together with meteorological parameters and concentrat...