Cohesive particulate flows play an important role in environmental fluid dynamics, as well a wide variety of civil and process engineering applications. However, the scaling laws, constitutive equations continuum field descriptions governing such are currently less understood than for their non-cohesive counterparts. Grain-resolved simulations represent essential tool addressing this shortcomin...

In aquatic environments, phosphorus is known as the “limiting nutrient.” It combines with nitrogen and photosynthetic processes to produce plant and algal growth. Phosphorus in marine life support systems exists in either a particulate or dissolved phase. While particulate sources may be removed during filtration or fractionation, the dissolved form persists. In a typical marine environment (pH...

We study droplet formation in granular suspensions by systematically varying the volume fractions (φ) and particle diameters (d). For suspensions with water as the suspending liquid, we find three different regimes. For dilute suspensions (φ≤45%), drop formation follows the predictions for inertial breakup and exhibits identical dynamics to that of pure water. The breakup is strongly asymmetric...

We construct the hydrodynamic equations for suspensions of self-propelled particles (SPPs) with spontaneous orientational order, and make a number of striking, testable predictions: (i) Nematic SPP suspensions are always absolutely unstable at long wavelengths. (ii) SPP suspensions support novel propagating modes at long wavelengths, coupling orientation, flow, and concentration. (iii) In a wav...

Using a mass-spectrometric (16)O(2)/(18)O(2)-isotope technique, we compared the nature and the relative importance of oxygen exchange in photomixotrophic (PM) and photoautotrophic (PA) suspensions of Euphorbia characias L. with those in intact leaves of the same species. Young and mature leaves, dividing and nondividing cell suspensions were characterized in short-term experiments. On chlorophy...

This study was prompted by the observation that fresh platelet suspensions--prepared by gel filtration or albumin density gradient centrifugation--possessed only minimal factor V activity, whereas frozen-and-thawed platelet suspensions possessed striking factor V activity. Results of experiments with fresh suspensions suggested that unaltered platelets did not bind plasma factor V. The factor V...

Suspensions of Lactobacillus leichmannii were stored in liquid nitrogen and were used as direct inocula in vitamin B(12) assays. Complete recovery of viable cells was obtained when the suspensions in basal B(12) medium were rapidly frozen by direct immersion into liquid nitrogen and rapidly thawed by agitating the suspensions in a water bath at 40 C. Greater than 90% destruction occurred when t...

This work investigates the response of two-dimensional, turbulent boundary layer characteristics over a flat plate to the presence of suspended particulate matter. Both phases are assumed to be interacting continua. That is, the carrier fluid equations are considered to be coupled with the particle-phase equations. A finite-difference technique with non-uniform grid has been employed for the so...

Three tilmicosin-loaded hydrogenated castor oil nanoparticle (TMS-HCO-NP) suspensions of different particle sizes were prepared with different polyvinyl alcohol surfactant concentrations using a hot homogenization and ultrasonic technique. The in vitro release, in vitro antibacterial activity, mammalian cytotoxicity, acute toxicity in mice, and stability study were conducted to evaluate the cha...