Performance-based incentives (PBIs) aim to counteract weak providers' performance in health systems of many developing countries by providing rewards that are directly linked to better health outcomes for mothers and their newborns. Translating funding into better health requires many actions by a large number of people. The actions span from community to the national level. While different for...

One of the primary goals of the military scientist addressing the prevention of trauma, is to develop new concepts for attenuating energy transfer to the body from either penetrating, non-penetrating or blast impacts. Personal armours have deficiencies, both in the body coverage achievable without degrading military performance, and in the inherent ability of the materials to attenuate high ene...

We determine the velocity correlation function, pairwise peculiar velocity di erence, and root-mean-square pairwise peculiar velocity dispersion of rich clusters of galaxies, as a function of pair separation, for three cosmological models: = 1 and = 0:3 CDM, and = 0:3 PBI models (all at and COBEnormalized). We nd that close cluster pairs, with separation r 10h 1Mpc, exhibit strong attractive pe...

It has been increasingly reported that the multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is promising for handling multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). MOEA/D employs scalarizing functions to convert an MOP into a number of single-objective subproblems. Among them, penalty boundary intersection (PBI) is one of the most popular decomposition approache...

One of the primary goals of the military scientist addressing the prevention of trauma, is to develop new concepts for attenuating energy transfer to the body from either penetrating, non-penetrating or blast impacts. Personal armours have deficiencies, both in the body coverage achievable without degrading military performance, and in the inherent ability of the materials to attenuate high ene...

BACKGROUND Breast conserving therapy for women with breast cancer consists of local excision of the tumour (achieving clear margins) followed by radiation therapy (RT). RT is given to sterilize tumour cells that may remain after surgery to decrease the risk of local tumour recurrence. Most true recurrences occur in the same quadrant as the original tumour. Whole breast RT may not protect agains...

BACKGROUND Symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) have a detrimental effect on quality of life. The AR-Patient Benefit Index (AR-PBI), a specific self-assessment tool has been developed to assess treatment-related benefit in two separate sections: the Patient Needs Questionnaire (PNQ) which explores the patient's expectations before treatment and the Patient Benefit Questionnaire (PBQ) which evalua...

Self-assembly of octahedral Fe(II) ions and linear perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes with 2,2'-bipyridine groups covalently attached at the imide positions quantitatively yields an Fe4(PBI)6 tetrahedron by the directional bonding approach. With an edge length of 3.9 nm and estimated internal volume >950 Å(3), tetrahedron T is one of the largest M4L6 tetrahedra ever reported. Importantly, many of the...

Background Psoriasis affects different aspects of health-related quality of life (eg, physical, psychological, and social impairments); these health domains can be of different importance for patients. The importance of domains can be measured with the Patient Benefit Index (PBI). This questionnaire weights the achievement of treatment goals by Likert scales (0, "not important at all" to 4, "ve...