BACKGROUND Whether diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still inconclusive. The objective of this updated meta-analysis is to synthesize evidence from case-control studies that evaluated the association between diabetes and the risk of PD. METHODS Seven databases were searched to identify case-control studies that evaluated the association between diabetes and PD. The me...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hypersensitive pain response is often observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the mechanisms responsible for hyperalgesia are not well understood. Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology. Since the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an important component of the descending inhibitory pathway controlling on central pain tran...

Background: Parkinson Disease (PD) is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that affect patients’ functions, especially while performing dual tasks--a critical factor in everyday living. However, many controversies exist about the benefits of dual-task training in patients with PD. Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy of motor and cognitive dual-task training in improving balanc...

Using a finger cuing paradigm, we investigated response preparation in Parkinson's disease (PD). The central question was whether PD individuals are differentially affected by preparatory cues that specify a more automatic response set configuration (that induces within-hand preparation) as opposed to a more controlled one (that induces between-hands preparation). Reaction times (RTs) and error...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Initiation of gait requires transitions from relatively stationary positions to stability with movement and from double- to single-limb stances. These are deliberately destabilizing activities that may be difficult for people with early Parkinson disease (PD), even when they have no problems with level walking. We studied differences in postural stability during gait init...

Non-motor symptoms contribute significantly to Parkinson's disease (PD) related disability. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been recently added to the behavioural spectrum of PD-related non-motor symptoms. Such behaviours are characterized by an inappropriate drive to conduct repetitive behaviours that are usually socially inadequate or result in harmful consequences. Parkinson disease im...

INTRODUCTION Dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) was recently linked to the development of impulse control disorders such as pathological gambling (PG), hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, and binge or compulsive eating. Antiglutamatergic agents including amantadine (Ama) reduce these behaviors in PD and non-PD patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the changes in ...

The main objective of this study was to determine whether or not monocyte infiltration occurs in the prediabetic (PD) heart and its role in PD cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that the PD heart is significantly populated with monocytes and that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7, a novel mediator of monocyte polarization, activates infiltrated monocytes into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, the...