We enrich the classical notion of group key exchange (GKE) protocols by a new property that allows each pair of users to derive an independent peer-to-peer (p2p) key on-demand and without any subsequent communication; this, in addition to the classical group key shared amongst all the users. We show that GKE protocols enriched in this way impose new security challenges concerning the secrecy an...

This study investigates the effect of banks’ dual holding on bank lending and firms’ investment decisions using a sample of listed firms in China. We find that dual holding leads to easier access to bank loans, a result that is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) than SOEs. We also find that dual holding distorts banks’ lending decisions and harms the investment efficienc...

a r t i c l e i n f o It is often stated that bullying is a " group process " , and many researchers and policymakers share the belief that interventions against bullying should be targeted at the peer-group level rather than at individual bullies and victims. There is less insight into what in the group level should be changed and how, as the group processes taking place at the level of the pe...

Maccoby (April 1990) cogently described important social-interaction effects of gender in childhood, supplanting the traditional approach to gender socialization grounded in the study of individual differences. Arguing that the peer group provides the primary setting for differential socialization of boys and girls, Maccoby cited research that indicates that boys and girls behave differently de...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Barriers to publication can be overcome through a peer support writing group in an academic department of family practice. This study describes the experience and outcomes of a writing group in a family practice department. METHODS A writing group was established to provide collaboration in identifying potential research and/or writing projects, to assist individual ...

BACKGROUND Peer support may improve breastfeeding rates but the evidence is inconclusive. Previous studies and reviews recommend trials in different healthcare settings. AIM To test if a specified programme of peer support affects the initiation and/or the duration of breastfeeding. DESIGN OF STUDY A two-group randomised controlled trial of peer support for breastfeeding with evaluation of ...

background: self-esteem is essential for clinical judgments. nursing students in clinical environments should make a bridge between theoretical education and clinical function. this study was aimed to survey the effect of guided questioning in peer groups on nursing students’ self-esteem and clinical learning. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental study, all nursing students in seme...

In a range of settings, private firms manage peer effects by sorting agents into different groups, be they schools, communities, or product categories. This paper considers such a firm, which controls group entry by setting a series of anonymous prices. We show that private provision systematically leads to two distortions relative to the efficient solution: first, agents are segregated too fin...