A common finding in the empirical civil war literature is that population size and per capita income are highly significant predictors of civil war incidence and onset. This paper shows that the common finding of population size and per capita income having a significant average effect on civil war risk in a world sample breaks down once countryand year-specific unobservables are accounted for....

What type of technical progress is able to increase income per capita, instead of merely translating into higher fertility? To investigate this question, this paper first sets up an OLG growth model with capital, land and endogenous fertility. At each date, children compete with physical capital as a means of saving for the young. This framework is then put into motion by continuous neutral and...

Why are there persistent differences in income between metropolitan areas? The answer to this question has evaded much of the scholarship on the topic. Some of the frameworks that drive empirical research in this field are based on ad hoc combinations of explanatory factors, ranging from natural climate, to business climate, to land and labour costs. Theoretical approaches emphasise economic sp...

An empirical examination of the determinants of real per capita income in cities with professional sports teams from 1969-1997 shows that postseason appearances are not associated with any change in the level of real per capita income in these cities. However, in the city that is home to the winning team from the Super Bowl, real per capita personal income is found to be higher by about $140, p...

This paper has investigated the impact of food production, school enrollment, inflation, population growth, per capita income and CO2 emissions on life expectancy for Sultanate of Oman. Time series data is used from 1970 to 2012. For examining the cointegration among the variables Autoregressive distributed (ARDL) lag approach is used. The estimated results reveal that food production, school e...

This research argues that the rapid expansion of international trade in the second phase of the industrial revolution has played a significant role in the timing of demographic transitions across countries and has thereby been a major determinant of the distribution of world population and a prime cause of the Great Divergence in income per capita across countries in the last two centuries. The...

OBJECTIVES To see if obesity, deaths from diabetes, and daily calorie intake are associated with income inequality among developed countries. DESIGN Ecological study of 21 developed countries.Countries: Countries were eligible for inclusion if they were among the top 50 countries with the highest gross national income per capita by purchasing power parity in 2002, had a population over 3 mill...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between income inequality and life expectancy in Italy and across wealthy nations. DESIGN AND SETTING Measure correlation between income inequality and life expectancy at birth within Italy and across the top 21 wealthy countries. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to study these relations. Multivariate linear regression was used to measure ...

in welfare economic studies, because of the differences among households scale, we cannot consider household expenditures without attention to this factor. a simple method to consider household scale in welfare analysis is the usage of the per capita expenditure. but, the usage of per capita expenditure ignores economies of scale. in fact, per capita expenditure is a biased variable, and underv...