Agricultural pest suppression is an important ecosystem service that may be threatened by the loss of predator diversity. This has stimulated interest in the relationship between predator biodiversity and biological control. Multiple-predator studies have shown that predators may complement or interfere with one another, but few experiments have determined if the resulting effects on prey are c...

study of phytoseiid mites in some regions of western and north–westerniranwere carried out during 2008–2011. in this study, 21 species belonging to the six genera were collected and identified. they were associated with aerial parts, soil and litter under cultivated, uncultivated plants and some phytophagous mites and insects.

In the last several years, the importance of understanding what innate threat and fear is, in addition to learning of threat and fear, has become evident. Odors from predators are ecologically relevant stimuli used by prey animals as warnings for the presence of danger. Of importance, these odors are not necessarily noxious or painful, but they have innate threat-like properties. This review su...

Mortality of sheep and lambs from all causes and from predator losses from 1940 through 1985 for the United States is presented including economic aspects. Lamb losses from all causes were 9% of the lamb crop in 1940 and were generally higher thereafter and reached a peak in 1978 of 14%. Losses of sheep 1 year old and older from all causes were 7.5% in 1940 remained somewhat higher through the ...

A general predator-prey system is studied in a scheme where there is periodic impulsive perturbations. This scheme has the potential to protect the predator from extinction but under some conditions may also serve to lead to extinction of the prey. Conditions for extinction and permanence are obtained via the comparison methods involving monotone theory of impulsive systems and multiple Liapuno...

The strength of interference between foraging individuals can influence per capita consumption rates, with important consequences for predator and prey populations and system stability. Here we demonstrate how the replacement of a previously established invader, the predatory crab Carcinus maenas, by the recently invading predatory crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus shifts predation from a species tha...

DNA-based techniques are providing valuable new approaches to tracking predator-prey interactions. The gut contents of invertebrate predators can be analysed using species-specific primers to amplify prey DNA to confirm trophic links. The problem is that each predator needs to be analysed with primers for the tens of potential prey available at a field site, even though the mean number of speci...

Tomatoes are the most familiar and common greenhouse vegetable crop in Turkey, as well worldwide. Main whitefly species problematic greenhouses, where tomatoes grown primarily, is Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) proved a coccinellid predator B. voracious feeder by several studies. The hypothe...

In this paper, a prey predator impulsive mathematical model of integrated pest management is established, in which infected prey and predator (natural enemy) are released impulsively. By using the Floquet’s theory for impulsive differential equations, small-amplitude perturbation methods and comparison techniques, we investigate the local and global stability of the susceptible pest-eradication...

predators may adjust their foraging behavior according to herbivore induced plant volatiles innately or through learning. here, first we investigated whether the phytoseiid predatory mites, neoseiulus californicus and n. barkeri were innately able to respond to odors related to tetranychus urticae infested bean leaves. the naïve predator females were reared on washed t. urticae as prey on filte...