Due to the low demand for conventional annuities, alternative retirement products are sought. Quite recently, tontines have been frequently brought up as a promising option in this respect. Inspired by unit-linked life insurance and products, we introduce article, where tontine payoffs directly linked development of underlying financial market. More specifically, consider two different payoff s...

Masonry is among the most widely used construction materials around world. Contemporary masonry buildings are primarily designed to comply with prescriptive building code regulations. In recent decades, performance-based design (PBD) has gained increasing attention and achieved significant success in critical structures or infrastructure systems. Instead of being first mover, research practice ...

Although many attempts have been made in presenting systematic models for design processes, most projects have been implemented by non-systematic methods, which seems that too much emphasis on the description of the final project (product) and the lack of attention to the design process are to be blamed for this. In this paper, a specific pattern of design scenario formation in the framework of...