Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies in the United States, occurring in approximately 1 in 125 live male births. It is characterized by altered development of the urethra, foreskin, and ventral surface of the penis. In this review, the embryology, epidemiology, risk factors, genetic predisposition, and likely candidate genes for hypospadias are described. Recent reports ha...

OBJECTIVE In principle, the prepuce can be reconstructed during hypospadias repair, but the procedure has not gained wide acceptance and preputial reconstruction (PR) is surrounded by several controversies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review is provided of the technique for PR, how PR combines with the other steps of hypospadias repair, the risks of complications related to the urethroplasty and s...

INTRODUCTION Some men with corrected hypospadias perceive their penile appearance to be abnormal, although health professionals consider these results satisfactory. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate how relevant women consider single aspects of penile appearance to be. Moreover, we studied whether women perceive hypospadias-affected surgically repaired genitals (HASRGs) to be as no...

INTRODUCTION We sought to determine whether the use of preoperative antibiotics is effective in reducing postoperative wound infections and urinary tract infections (UTI) in hypospadias repair. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all hypospadias repairs performed at the Montreal Children's Hospital between March 2009 and September 2012. All types of primary hypospadias repairs and redo cases ...

The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate gender role behaviors of boys with hypospadias compared with groups of unaffected boys and girls using parental reports and direct observations; and (2) to directly observe effects of socialization (mothers' presence) on children's gender role behaviors. Ages of 19 children with hypospadias ranged from 3 to 7 years, and each of them were matched t...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Hypospadias is a common congenital error of genital development, the frequency of which is increasing. As androgens have a significant role in the development of the male urethra, we sought to investigate the association between functional polymorphisms of SRD5A2 gene in relation to hypospadias. METHODS We examined DNA samples of 96 cases and 105 controls for SRD5A2-A49T, R227...

OBJECTIVE Hypospadias surgery, especially when performed early in life, may have a significant impact on the urinary and sexual functions in an adult. Because the literature is still limited, this paper assesses long-term functional, cosmetic and sexual results of hypospadias repair performed in childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study includes 275 patients older than 12 years treated for a ...

OBJECTIVE • To characterize and categorize adults with hypospadias who presented to our clinic with urethral stricture and fistula to better clarify the presentation, history and intraoperative findings in this heterogeneous group and to better describe the natural history of this anomaly in adulthood. PATIENT AND METHODS • A retrospective chart review was performed on adults with hypospadias...

Purpose: Perineal endometriosis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial stroma and glands in the perineum. Most commonly observed in the episiotomy scar after normal vaginal deliveries, perineal endometriosis is not often considered in the differential diagnosis of perineal masses. This could lead to unnecessary investigations and inadequate patient treatments. ca...

introduction: significant perineal injuries and major pelvic fractures resulting from blunt trauma manifest a high-energy injury. open pelvic fractures (with perineal injury) are associated with higher mortality rates of 40 to 60 %. methods: this study was a review of patients with multiple traumas comprising of major pelvic fracture and severe perineal injuries (shahid kamyab hospital in mashh...