Thyroid surgery is a clean procedure and therefore antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended by most international guidelines. However, antibiotics are often used in clinical practice. We enrolled 2926 patients who performed a thyroid surgical operation between the years 2009 and 2011 in the 38 centers of endocrine surgery that joined the UEC--Italian Endocrine Surgery Units Associati...

Antibiotic prophylaxis means administration of antibiotics in prevention of infections. It can be a primary, secondary (suppression) and eradicating one. Basic questions related to antibiotic prophylaxis are as follows: the timing of prophylactic administration of antibiotics, duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and the choice of antibiotics for antibiotic prophylaxis [1]. While we are deciding ...

Back-calculation is a process whereby generally unobservable features of an event leading to a disease outbreak can be inferred either in real-time or shortly after the end of the outbreak. These features might include the time when persons were exposed and the source of the outbreak. Such inferences are important as they can help to guide the targeting of mitigation strategies and to evaluate ...

OBJECTIVE Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to minimize infectious complications resulting from interventions. Side-effects and development of microbial resistance patterns are risks of the use of antibiotics. Therefore, the use should be well considered and based on high levels of evidence. In this review, all available evidence on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in urology is gathered, assesse...

BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema (HAE), caused by deficiency in C1-inhibitor (C1-INH), leads to unpredictable edema of subcutaneous tissues with potentially fatal complications. As surgery can be a trigger for edema episodes, current guidelines recommend preoperative prophylaxis with C1-INH or attenuated androgens in patients with HAE undergoing surgery. However, the risk of an HAE attack in pa...

There have been major advances in perioperative cardiothoracic and vascular medicine. Because of promising data, steroids, statins, and endothelin antagonists are being clinically tested in randomized trials with adult cardiac surgical patients. In vascular surgical patients, recent meta-analysis has revealed that interventions such as beta-blockade or endovascular stenting for peripheral vascu...

Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in craniofacial fracture management is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare evidence-based literature recommendations regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in facial fracture management with expert-based practice. A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify published studies evaluating pre-, peri-, and postoperative efficacy...

BACKGROUND A gap exists between the best evidence and practice with regards to surgical site infection (SSI) prevention. Awareness of evidence is the first step in knowledge translation. METHODS A web-based survey was distributed to 59 general surgeons and 68 residents at University of Toronto teaching hospitals. Five domains pertaining to SSI prevention with questions addressing knowledge of...

Introduction: Dentistry was favored by the discovery of osseointegration, which has become important in treatment partially and edentulous patients. Initially, osseointegration used only to treat patients maxilla mandible, using a single type implant, prosthetic abutment, rehabilitation protocol. However, as applications evolved, complications also increased, became more numerous are no longer ...