Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment through surgery, irradiation chemotherapy, all patients suffer recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors. Previous studies from our lab showed that astrocytes become reactive generate tumor-supportive conditions for glioma cells, when exposed to hypoxia or irradiation. Reactive are known upre...

INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment of malignant thoracic wall tumors represents a formidable challenge. In particular, locally advanced tumors that have already infiltrated critical anatomic structures are associated with a high surgical morbidity and can result in full-thickness defects of the thoracic wall. Plastic surgery can reduce this surgical morbidity by reconstructing the thoracic wall th...

Figure 1. Upper left, Photograph showing skin lesions on arm and shoulder of patient. Upper right, CT scan of neck revealing multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Lower left, Detail of a skin ulcer on forehead of patient. Lower right, Histologic examination of skin biopsy specimen showing perivascular infiltrates of neutrophil granulocytes and ovoid yeasts (diameter, 15 mm) and a thick cell wall (peri...

HIstology: Section from the lesion shows a large focus of caseous necrosis rimmed by epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and Langhan’s giant cells and a dense collagenous wall. Within the caseous necrosis, ghost outlines of necrosed blood vessels are seen surrounded by an eosinophilic, fibrinous material which represents tuberculous immune complex deposition. A thin compressed collar of...

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic, postinfectious or postvaccineal acute infl ammatory demyelinating disorder of central nervous system (CNS).[1,2] The pathophysiology involves transient autoimmune response directed at myelin or other self-antigens, possibly by molecular mimicry or by nonspecifi c activation of autoreactive T-cell clones.[3] Histologically, ADEM is cha...

Persistent neuropathic pain is associated with anxiety. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in pain-induced anxiety. Acupuncture is widely used for pain and anxiety. However, little is known about which acupuncture technique is optimal on pain-induced anxiety and the relationship between acupuncture ...